Which of the following is a lympho-morphologic change in reactive states?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increase in cytoplasm relative to the nucleus. In reactive states, lymphocytes can enlarge due to increased cytoplasmic volume to accommodate higher metabolic activity. This change is known as a lympho-morphologic change. Choice A is incorrect because a decrease in cytoplasm relative to the nucleus is not typically seen in reactive states. Choice C is incorrect as an increase in nucleus relative to cytoplasm is not a characteristic change in reactive lymphocytes. Choice D is incorrect because a decrease in size is not typically observed in reactive states where lymphocytes may enlarge due to activation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stuart Prower factor, also known as Factor X. This is a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor because vitamin K is essential for the post-translational modification of certain glutamate residues on coagulation factors, including Factor X. Vitamin K helps these factors bind to calcium ions, which is necessary for their proper function in the coagulation cascade. Thromboplastin (A), also known as tissue factor, is not a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor. Hageman factor (C), also known as Factor XII, and Proaccelerin (D), also known as Factor V, are not vitamin K-dependent factors either.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Jaundice. Jaundice is a yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes due to high levels of bilirubin in the blood, which can occur when red blood cells are being destroyed rapidly. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells. Therefore, the presence of jaundice indicates excessive red blood cell destruction. Summary: - B: Bleeding is not directly related to the destruction of red blood cells. - C: Diarrhea does not typically indicate red blood cell destruction. - D: Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen, not directly linked to red blood cell destruction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Observe for bleeding. After a bone marrow biopsy, the most crucial nursing action is monitoring for bleeding, as this procedure can cause significant bleeding due to the penetration of bone. It is essential to assess for any signs of bleeding such as increased pain, swelling, bruising, or hematoma formation. Prompt identification and management of bleeding are vital to prevent complications such as hematoma formation or hemorrhage. Encouraging oral fluids (B) and administering analgesics (C) are important but not as critical as monitoring for bleeding. Monitoring the puncture site for infection (D) is also important but is a secondary concern compared to assessing for bleeding immediately post-procedure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Follow the organization's verification process. This approach ensures patient safety by using a systematic verification process to match the blood product with the patient, including checking the patient's identification, verifying the order, and confirming the blood product before administration. Checking the patient's arm band (A) may not be sufficient for blood product verification. Checking the order on the medical record (B) is important but may not involve the necessary steps to ensure correct blood matching. Assuming the correct blood was provided (D) is dangerous and can lead to serious consequences if an error occurs.