Which of the following is a likely cause of metabolic acidosis with a large anion gap?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An increased anion gap metabolic acidosis is caused by acid accumulation, such as in salicylate toxicity, where excess acids like lactate and ketones contribute to the gap.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Obstructive shock is caused by physical obstruction to blood flow. Severe aortic stenosis limits cardiac output, leading to inadequate systemic perfusion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Magnesium sulfate administered antenatally is primarily used to reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in preterm infants, as it provides neuroprotective effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Major depression includes core symptoms like weight changes, sleep disturbances, and dysphoric mood. All listed options are possible features of the disorder.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hydroxychloroquine can cause retinopathy, nausea, and hair loss, making 'All of the above' the correct answer.