Which of the following is a key principle of community empowerment?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Involving community members in decision-making and planning. This is a key principle of community empowerment because it promotes ownership, autonomy, and sustainability of community initiatives. By involving community members, it ensures that solutions are culturally appropriate, relevant, and effectively address the community's needs. Top-down direction (A) contradicts empowerment principles by disempowering the community. Delivering services based on individual needs (C) focuses on individual rather than community empowerment. Focusing on short-term solutions (D) does not address the root causes of community health issues. In summary, choice B is correct as it aligns with the principles of community empowerment, whereas the other choices do not.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent diseases before they occur. Promoting hand hygiene to prevent disease falls under primary prevention as it targets the root cause of disease transmission. By educating individuals on proper handwashing techniques, the spread of infections can be minimized. Encouraging vaccination (choice A) is considered secondary prevention as it aims to prevent progression of existing diseases. Providing blood pressure screenings (choice B) falls under secondary prevention by detecting hypertension early. Providing treatment for individuals with hypertension (choice D) is tertiary prevention, focusing on managing existing conditions to prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing education on the risks of alcohol use is a primary prevention strategy aimed at reducing alcohol abuse. Education can help individuals make informed decisions about alcohol consumption, leading to prevention of abuse. Offering free alcohol treatment programs (A) is a treatment intervention, not a prevention measure. Advocating for stronger alcohol regulations (C) is a policy intervention, which may help control alcohol availability but does not directly reduce abuse. Conducting alcohol abuse awareness campaigns (D) may increase awareness but does not necessarily lead to behavior change or prevention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of a disease before it occurs. Encouraging individuals to eat a heart-healthy diet is the best strategy as it addresses the root cause of heart disease by promoting healthy eating habits. This helps reduce the risk factors associated with heart disease such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and obesity. Offering cholesterol screenings (B) and promoting physical activity to reduce weight (C) are secondary prevention strategies that aim to detect and manage existing risk factors. Advocating for smoking cessation (D) is important but focuses on reducing the risk of other health issues, not specifically heart disease.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing education on the risks of substance abuse. This is a community health initiative as it aims to prevent substance abuse by raising awareness about the dangers associated with it. Education can empower individuals to make informed decisions and resist the temptation to use substances. Offering drug treatment programs (A) and providing counseling for individuals with substance use disorders (D) are interventions targeting those already affected, not prevention. Advocating for policies to reduce availability (C) is important but not a direct prevention initiative. In summary, education on risks is proactive in preventing substance abuse, while the other options focus on treatment or policies.