Which of the following is a key factor in reducing health disparities in underserved communities?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Improving access to education and employment opportunities. This is a key factor in reducing health disparities as education and employment are directly linked to income, social status, and access to resources needed for good health. Education provides individuals with health literacy and empowers them to make informed decisions. Employment opportunities lead to financial stability, which enables access to healthcare services and healthier living conditions. A: Increasing access to health insurance may improve access to healthcare services, but it does not address the underlying social determinants of health that contribute to disparities. C: Providing free medical care may temporarily alleviate health issues, but it does not address the root causes of disparities or promote long-term health and well-being. D: Promoting physical activity programs is important for overall health, but it may not directly address the social and economic factors that contribute to health disparities in underserved communities.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Survey. Surveys involve collecting data by asking individuals about the community, making it an appropriate tool for a community needs assessment. Surveys allow for a structured approach to gather information from a large number of respondents efficiently. Forums (A) are group discussions, public records (B) are official documents, and assemblies (D) are gatherings of people, none of which directly involve asking individuals specific questions for data collection in the context of a needs assessment.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it aligns with the principles of adult learning and nutrition education. By determining the foods most often consumed by the senior citizens and discussing the nutritional panel of each product, the nurse can tailor the information to the specific needs and preferences of the group. This method promotes active engagement, relevance, and practical application of knowledge, making it more likely for the seniors to retain and apply the information in their daily lives. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Displaying posters with foods and telling seniors about fat content is a passive method that may not effectively engage the group or address their specific dietary habits. C: Showing a movie about cooking with low-fat foods may be entertaining but lacks the interactive and personalized approach needed for effective nutrition education. D: Asking seniors to bring foods for tasting and estimating fat content may not provide accurate information and may not address the overall understanding of nutritional content in various foods.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Safety measures in the home. This is essential for secondary prevention to reduce the risk of injuries among the elderly. It addresses common hazards like falls, burns, and poisoning, promoting a safe living environment. Choice B is incomplete. Choice C, adult immunization, is important for primary prevention. Choice D, rehabilitation after surgery, focuses on tertiary prevention. Therefore, A is the most relevant choice for a secondary prevention project in a retirement community.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the priority in caring for a client with Parkinson's disease is safety. Nursing diagnosis related to safety concerns, such as Risk for Falls or Impaired Safety, take precedence. Impaired physical mobility (choice B) may be a result of the disease but is not the priority. Ineffective coping (choice C) and Ineffective breathing pattern (choice D) are important but do not address the immediate safety needs of the client with Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the priority nursing diagnosis in this case is related to safety to prevent any potential harm or injury to the client.