Which of the following is a criteria that defines nursing as a profession?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: a strong service orientation. Nursing as a profession is characterized by a commitment to serving and caring for others. Nurses prioritize the well-being and comfort of their patients above all else. This service orientation is essential in providing holistic and compassionate care. A, B, and C are incorrect because: A: Nursing has a well-defined body of knowledge that includes nursing theories, principles, and evidence-based practices. B: While nursing collaborates with the medical profession, it is an independent discipline with its own scope of practice. C: Nurses are not trained to diagnose medical problems; that responsibility lies within the scope of practice of physicians and other healthcare providers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it highlights a cultural belief influencing health decisions. Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions due to religious beliefs, impacting health outcomes. This demonstrates how sociocultural factors can directly affect health decisions and status. Choices A, C, and D do not specifically address cultural beliefs impacting health. A is more environmental, C is psychological, and D is socioeconomic.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: physiologic. Maslow's hierarchy of needs starts with physiological needs, which include water, food, and rest. Measuring intake and output, as well as weighing the patient, directly address the physiological need for water balance. This is essential for maintaining the patient's health and well-being. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they correspond to higher levels of the hierarchy such as safety, love, and self-actualization, which are not directly addressed by the actions of measuring intake and output and weighing the patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: considerations of power. In this scenario, the nurse needs to consider the power dynamics at play due to the social status of the children's families. The child of a famous sports figure may have more influence and resources, potentially leading to unfair advantages in accessing healthcare compared to the child from a low-income family. By being aware of these power dynamics, the nurse can advocate for equal treatment and fair allocation of resources. A: Balance between benefits and harms in patient care is important but not as relevant in this context as considering power dynamics. B: Norms of family life may be important in some situations but do not directly address the ethical consideration of power in this scenario. D: Cost-effectiveness and allocation are important factors but do not directly address the ethical consideration of power dynamics between the two children's families.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: the patient. Informed consent requires the patient's voluntary and competent agreement to undergo a medical procedure after being informed of its risks, benefits, and alternatives. Only the patient has the legal capacity to make decisions about their own healthcare. Relatives, physicians, and nurses do not have the authority to provide informed consent on behalf of the patient. It is crucial to ensure that the patient themselves understand and agree to the treatment plan to protect their autonomy and rights.