Which of the following is a common side effect of statins?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Muscle pain. Statins are known to cause myopathy, a condition characterized by muscle pain or weakness. This is due to statins affecting the production of Coenzyme Q10, which is essential for muscle function. Other choices are incorrect because weight loss is not a common side effect of statins; dizziness is more commonly associated with blood pressure medications or other classes of drugs; and statins are actually used to help lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension, so it is not a common side effect of statins.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker, blocking the effects of angiotensin II to lower blood pressure. 2. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor, not specifically targeting angiotensin II receptors. 3. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker, not directly affecting angiotensin II. 4. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that works on the kidneys, not angiotensin II receptors.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lorazepam. Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine that enhances the activity of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps reduce anxiety. This mechanism of action is effective in treating anxiety disorders. Citalopram and Fluoxetine are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used to treat depression, not anxiety. Propranolol is a beta-blocker primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-related conditions, not anxiety. Therefore, Lorazepam is the correct choice for enhancing GABA activity to treat anxiety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inhibiting the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys. Canagliflozin is an SGLT2 inhibitor that works by blocking the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidneys, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion. This mechanism helps lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because canagliflozin does not directly impact insulin secretion from the pancreas, the breakdown of incretin hormones, or insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blocking calcium channels in the blood vessels. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits the influx of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance. This ultimately results in reduced blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because amlodipine does not affect norepinephrine reuptake, stimulate beta-1 adrenergic receptors, nor increase sodium excretion in the kidneys. These mechanisms are associated with other classes of antihypertensive medications.