Which of the following is a common feature of vasculitis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding vasculitis is crucial for providing effective care to young patients. When considering the common features of vasculitis, the correct answer is D) All of the above. A) Skin lesions are a common feature of vasculitis. These lesions can present in various forms such as palpable purpura, livedo reticularis, or nodules. Assessing these skin manifestations is important for diagnosing and monitoring vasculitis in pediatric patients. B) Nerve damage can also occur in vasculitis due to inflammation and damage to blood vessels supplying nerves. This can lead to symptoms such as neuropathy, weakness, and pain. Recognizing signs of nerve involvement is essential for comprehensive care. C) Organ dysfunction is another potential consequence of vasculitis. Depending on the type and severity of vasculitis, various organs like the kidneys, lungs, or gastrointestinal system may be affected. Monitoring organ function and providing appropriate interventions are critical in managing vasculitis in pediatric patients. Understanding these common features of vasculitis is vital for pediatric nurses to promptly recognize and respond to potential complications. By differentiating between the symptoms associated with vasculitis, nurses can contribute to early detection, effective management, and improved outcomes for pediatric patients with this condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B) Cultural homogenization. Globalization refers to the interconnectedness of countries and cultures, leading to the blending and sharing of ideas, values, and practices on a global scale. Cultural homogenization is a significant issue associated with globalization as it can lead to the loss of unique cultural identities and diversity. This process can result in the dominance of a few powerful cultures, often from Western countries, over smaller or indigenous cultures. Option A) Decreased international trade is incorrect because globalization typically leads to an increase in international trade as barriers to trade are reduced, allowing for more exchange of goods and services between countries. Option C) Isolationist policies are incorrect as globalization encourages countries to be more interconnected and engage in international cooperation rather than isolation. Option D) Local market growth is incorrect because while globalization can impact local markets, the primary focus is on the interconnectedness of global markets rather than solely on local growth. In a pediatric nursing context, understanding globalization and its effects on culture is crucial for providing culturally competent care to children from diverse backgrounds. Nurses need to be aware of the potential impact of cultural homogenization on their patients' beliefs, practices, and health outcomes. By recognizing and respecting cultural differences, nurses can deliver more effective and empathetic care to pediatric patients and their families, promoting better health outcomes and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Intravenous cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapy drug used in the treatment of various pediatric conditions, such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Understanding the long-term complications of this medication is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. The correct answer is B) bladder cancer. Cyclophosphamide is known to increase the risk of developing bladder cancer as a long-term complication due to its metabolites being excreted in urine, leading to bladder irritation and potential mutagenic effects. Option A) bone marrow suppression is a common side effect of cyclophosphamide but not considered a long-term complication. It is a known acute adverse effect that can be managed with proper monitoring and supportive care. Option C) leukemia is a potential long-term complication of cyclophosphamide due to its association with secondary malignancies. Prolonged exposure to the drug can increase the risk of developing leukemia over time. Option D) infertility is another long-term complication of cyclophosphamide, particularly in males, as the drug can cause damage to the sperm-producing cells in the testes. Female patients may also experience ovarian toxicity leading to infertility. Educationally, understanding the long-term complications of intravenous cyclophosphamide is essential for pediatric nurses to monitor patients for potential adverse effects, provide appropriate education to families, and collaborate with the healthcare team to manage and prevent these complications effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In treating a 5-year-old boy with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) presenting with systemic manifestations like fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and pericarditis, the BEST initial treatment is systemic glucocorticoids (Option B). Systemic glucocorticoids are the preferred initial therapy in sJIA due to their potent anti-inflammatory effects. They help to rapidly control inflammation and alleviate symptoms, especially in cases of systemic involvement like pericarditis. NSAIDs (Option A) are commonly used in managing arthritis symptoms but may not be sufficient for systemic manifestations in sJIA. TNF-a inhibitors (Option C) and IL-1 antagonists (Option D) are typically reserved for cases refractory to glucocorticoids or with specific indications, not as initial therapy. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind choosing systemic glucocorticoids as the initial treatment in sJIA is crucial for pediatric healthcare providers. It underscores the importance of prompt and effective management of systemic inflammation in these patients to prevent long-term complications and improve outcomes. Familiarity with appropriate treatment strategies in pediatric rheumatologic conditions is essential for providing quality care to children with complex autoimmune diseases.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question on pediatric nursing practice, the correct answer is C) Epstein-Barr virus. Postinfectious arthritis commonly follows viral infections, and rubella is not typically associated with this complication. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to cause infectious mononucleosis but is not a common cause of postinfectious arthritis. Varicella-zoster, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus are all well-documented to be associated with postinfectious arthritis in some cases. Educationally, understanding the specific viral etiologies of postinfectious arthritis is crucial for healthcare professionals working in pediatrics. This knowledge helps in proper diagnosis, treatment, and management of children presenting with arthritis symptoms following viral illnesses. It also highlights the importance of thorough assessment and differential diagnosis in pediatric nursing practice.