Which of the following is a common feature of Takayasu arteritis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) All of the above. Takayasu arteritis is a rare type of vasculitis that primarily affects the aorta and its branches. It can lead to various manifestations, including pulselessness, hypertension, and fatigue. Pulselessness is a common feature of Takayasu arteritis due to the inflammation and narrowing of the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and weakened pulses in the affected areas. Hypertension is another common manifestation, as the narrowing of the arteries can increase blood pressure. Fatigue is also a common symptom due to reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. Option A) Pulselessness is correct, as mentioned above. Option B) Hypertension is also correct, as increased blood pressure is a common finding in Takayasu arteritis. Option C) Fatigue is correct as well, as reduced blood flow and oxygen delivery can lead to fatigue. Educationally, understanding the clinical features of Takayasu arteritis is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care for affected children. Recognizing these common features can aid in early detection, monitoring, and management of the disease to prevent complications and improve outcomes for pediatric patients. Nurses play a vital role in assessing, educating, and supporting children and their families coping with chronic conditions like Takayasu arteritis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Increased interdependence among nations. Economic globalization refers to the interconnectedness of economies across the world through the flow of goods, services, capital, and information. One of the key results of economic globalization is the increased interdependence among nations. This means that countries rely on each other for trade, investment, and economic cooperation to thrive in the global economy. Option B) Decreased trade barriers is incorrect because economic globalization often leads to the reduction of trade barriers such as tariffs and quotas to facilitate international trade, not their decrease. Option C) Self-sufficiency of nations is incorrect because economic globalization tends to promote specialization and division of labor, leading to countries relying on each other for goods and services rather than striving for self-sufficiency. Option D) Reduced cultural exchange is incorrect because economic globalization actually enhances cultural exchange by creating opportunities for people from different countries to interact through trade, travel, and technology, leading to a more interconnected and culturally diverse world. In an educational context, understanding the impact of economic globalization is crucial for healthcare professionals like pediatric nurses as it can influence factors such as access to medical supplies, funding for healthcare programs, and global health policies. By grasping the concept of increased interdependence among nations, nurses can better navigate the complexities of the global healthcare landscape and advocate for policies that promote equitable healthcare access for all children worldwide.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric rheumatology, oligoarthritis refers to arthritis that affects a few joints. In this case, involving 5-4 joints within the first 6 months of disease onset indicates a pattern consistent with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The most commonly affected joint in oligoarthritis JIA is the knee, making option B the correct answer. The knee is a common site of involvement in oligoarthritis JIA due to its vulnerability to inflammation in children. The synovial lining of the knee joint is a frequent target of the autoimmune response seen in JIA, leading to pain, swelling, and stiffness in this joint. Options A, C, and D are incorrect in this context. The hip (option A) is less commonly affected in oligoarthritis JIA. The elbow (option C) and wrist (option D) can be involved in JIA, but they are not typically the most commonly affected joints in oligoarthritis presentations. Understanding the typical joint involvement patterns in different types of pediatric arthritis is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with rheumatologic conditions. Recognizing the most commonly affected joints can aid in early detection, appropriate management, and improved outcomes for these children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) severity of arthritis. Chronic uveitis is a common extraarticular manifestation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Risk factors for the development of uveitis in JIA include the oligoarthritis subtype, female gender, and ANA-positivity. Oligoarthritis subtype is associated with a higher risk of developing uveitis compared to other subtypes of JIA. Females are more likely to develop uveitis compared to males in the context of JIA. ANA-positivity is a known risk factor for uveitis in JIA patients. The incorrect options (A, B, and C) are risk factors for developing uveitis in JIA, while option D is not. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for healthcare providers, particularly pediatric nurses, who care for children with JIA. Early detection and management of uveitis are essential to prevent vision-threatening complications in these patients. Nurses play a key role in monitoring for signs and symptoms of uveitis in children with JIA, making this knowledge essential for their practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular bacterium known to cause chronic arthritis following genitourinary tract infection. This bacterium has been associated with reactive arthritis, also known as Reiter's syndrome, which can manifest as chronic arthritis after an initial infection. The other options are not likely to cause chronic arthritis after bacterial enteric or genitourinary tract infections. A) Escherichia coli is a common cause of UTIs and enteric infections, but it is not typically associated with chronic arthritis. C) Proteus mirabilis is a bacterium that can cause UTIs but is not commonly linked to chronic arthritis. D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is more commonly associated with opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals rather than chronic arthritis following enteric or genitourinary infections. Understanding the specific microorganisms associated with certain clinical manifestations is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide accurate care and treatment to patients. Recognizing the connection between Chlamydia trachomatis and reactive arthritis can help nurses in early diagnosis and appropriate management of such cases.