Which of the following is a common feature of polymyositis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Muscle weakness. Polymyositis is a rare inflammatory disease that primarily affects the muscles, leading to progressive muscle weakness. This is a key characteristic of polymyositis and sets it apart from other conditions. Option B) Rash is not a common feature of polymyositis. While some individuals with polymyositis may develop skin rashes, it is not a defining characteristic of the condition. Option C) Joint pain is also not a typical feature of polymyositis. Polymyositis primarily affects the skeletal muscles and does not typically involve the joints. Option D) All of the above is incorrect because while muscle weakness is a common feature of polymyositis, rash and joint pain are not consistently associated with the condition. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, to have a strong understanding of rare pediatric conditions like polymyositis. By recognizing the key features of polymyositis, nurses can facilitate early detection, appropriate management, and improved outcomes for pediatric patients affected by this condition. Understanding the distinguishing features of polymyositis also helps in differential diagnosis and prevents confusion with other conditions that may present with similar symptoms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of achieving gender equality, the correct answer is A) Gender stereotypes. Gender stereotypes are deeply ingrained societal beliefs about the roles, behaviors, and capabilities of individuals based on their gender. These stereotypes perpetuate inequality by limiting opportunities and perpetuating biases against certain genders. Option B) Equal pay legislation is not a barrier to achieving gender equality; in fact, it is a tool to address gender pay gaps and promote equity in the workforce. Option C) Women's empowerment programs are designed to support and uplift women, not hinder gender equality efforts. Option D) Increased female workforce participation is a positive step towards gender equality, as it promotes economic empowerment and gender parity in the workplace. Educationally, it is crucial to understand the root causes of gender inequality, such as gender stereotypes, in order to address and overcome them effectively. By challenging and dismantling these stereotypes, we can create a more inclusive and equitable society where individuals are not limited by preconceived notions based on their gender. Educational initiatives focused on promoting gender equality should emphasize the importance of recognizing and combating gender stereotypes as a fundamental step towards achieving true equality.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the presentation of oligoarthritis is crucial for accurate assessment and intervention. The correct answer, option D (interphalangeal joints), is never a presenting sign of oligoarthritis. This is because oligoarthritis primarily affects larger joints, such as the knee, ankle, or hip. The interphalangeal joints are smaller joints in the fingers and toes, and their involvement is more commonly seen in conditions like juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Option A (hip), option B (knee), and option C (ankle) are all incorrect choices for this question because these joints are commonly affected in oligoarthritis. Understanding this distinction is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients with joint-related conditions. By recognizing the typical joint manifestations of oligoarthritis, healthcare providers can make timely assessments, implement appropriate treatment plans, and provide holistic care to improve outcomes for pediatric patients. Educationally, this question helps reinforce the importance of recognizing patterns of joint involvement in pediatric rheumatologic conditions. It highlights the need for nurses to have a strong foundation in differentiating between joint presentations to provide effective care and support to pediatric patients with arthritis. This knowledge can guide clinical decision-making and promote positive health outcomes for children with oligoarthritis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) nodules. The presence of nodules in a child with polyarticular JIA indicates a more severe form of the disease with a worse prognosis. Nodules are associated with more aggressive joint destruction and systemic complications. Early identification and aggressive treatment are crucial in managing this condition effectively. Option A) old age at onset is incorrect because younger age at onset is actually associated with a worse prognosis in JIA due to the potential for more severe joint damage and systemic complications developing over a longer period of time. Option B) rheumatoid factor positivity is incorrect because while it may indicate a more severe form of JIA similar to adult rheumatoid arthritis, the presence of nodules still carries a worse prognosis. Option C) absence of rheumatoid seronegativity is incorrect as it does not provide specific prognostic information related to the severity of the disease course in polyarticular JIA. Educationally, understanding the predictors of prognosis in pediatric conditions like JIA is crucial for healthcare providers to tailor treatment plans effectively. Identifying high-risk factors like nodules can guide clinicians in providing early and aggressive therapy to improve outcomes and quality of life for children with polyarticular JIA.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children is crucial due to its impact on their health. The correct answer, option C, "it usually presents before 5 years of age," is correct because childhood SLE typically presents in late childhood or adolescence, unlike adult-onset SLE. Option A, "it has a more severe course," is incorrect because childhood SLE generally has a milder course compared to adult SLE. Option B, "there is more widespread organ involvement," is incorrect as childhood SLE tends to involve fewer organs than adult SLE. Option D, "fever, fatigue, hematologic abnormalities, and arthritis are common clinical manifestations," is incorrect as these are common manifestations in both childhood and adult SLE. Educationally, knowing the differences in SLE presentation in children versus adults is vital for accurate diagnosis and management. Understanding these distinctions can help pediatric nurses provide appropriate care, support families, and advocate for children with SLE effectively. This knowledge enhances the quality of care provided to pediatric patients with autoimmune conditions like SLE.