Which of the following is a common complication associated with long-term corticosteroid use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Long-term corticosteroid use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis can lead to osteoporosis, which is a common complication. Osteoporosis causes weakening of the bones, increasing the risk of fractures, particularly in weight-bearing bones such as the hip, spine, and wrist. Osteoporotic fractures are a significant concern in patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy, highlighting the importance of monitoring bone health and considering preventive measures such as calcium, Vitamin D supplementation, and regular bone density testing. While osteonecrosis of the femoral head and avascular necrosis of the talus can also occur as complications of corticosteroid use, osteoporotic fractures are more commonly associated with this type of therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Septic arthritis, on the other hand, is not directly related to corticosteroid use but can occur due to other factors such as joint infections.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Confidentiality is the ethical principle that requires healthcare providers to keep client information private and not disclose it without the client's consent. When client information is shared beyond the interdisciplinary team without the client's consent, it breaches the trust and privacy expected in the nurse-client relationship. This breach not only violates the ethical principle of confidentiality but also undermines the client's autonomy and right to control their own personal information. Maintaining confidentiality is crucial for building trust and ensuring the well-being of the client.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Informed consent is a critical ethical requirement in research involving human participants. In this study scenario, it is crucial that both the participants and their parents provide consent. The involvement of the parents is important, especially when the participants are minors or vulnerable individuals who may not fully understand the study's implications or risks. By obtaining consent from both the participants and their parents, researchers can ensure that everyone involved is aware of what participation in the study entails, including any potential risks or benefits. This approach upholds the principles of autonomy, respect for individuals, and ethical research conduct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Patient Sonia, who has hypothyroidism, would benefit from treatment with levothyroxine. Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) and is commonly prescribed to replace the deficient thyroid hormone in patients with hypothyroidism. It helps restore the thyroid hormone levels in the body, relieving symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance that are characteristic of hypothyroidism. Propranolol is a beta-blocker used for conditions like hypertension, anxiety, and migraines; iron pills are used to treat iron deficiency anemia; and iodine supplementation is not typically used in the treatment of hypothyroidism unless it is due to iodine deficiency.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presence of ecchymosis (bruising) and significant swelling in the perineum despite analgesic medication suggests a potential complication such as a hematoma. A hematoma is a collection of blood that can occur due to trauma or during childbirth. It is important to notify the healthcare provider immediately so that further assessment and interventions, such as drainage of the hematoma, can be initiated promptly to prevent complications and alleviate the client's pain. Applying ice packs or encouraging the client to sit on a donut cushion may provide temporary relief but will not address the underlying issue of a potentially serious hematoma. Administering additional analgesic medication may not be effective in this case if the pain is primarily due to the hematoma. Prompt notification of the healthcare provider is crucial for proper management of this situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic protist known to cause amoebiasis, a gastrointestinal infection that can lead to symptoms such as foul-smelling diarrhea containing cysts. Upon microscopic examination of the feces, the presence of Entamoeba histolytica cysts is a key diagnostic feature. This parasite can be transmitted through contaminated food or water, and individuals infected with Entamoeba histolytica may experience abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, and weight loss. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to manage this infection and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Good Samaritan Law offers legal protection to individuals who voluntarily provide assistance at the scene of an emergency or accident. These laws vary by state, but generally, they grant immunity from civil liability for the individual providing aid as long as they act in good faith and without expectation of compensation. In this case, the retired nurse who stopped to help in the emergency at the scene of an accident would likely be covered by the Good Samaritan Law, protecting her from being sued by the injured party for any unintended consequences of her efforts to assist.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's presentation with grouped vesicles on an erythematous base affecting the lips and perioral region, triggered by sunlight exposure and stress, is classic for herpes simplex labialis, commonly known as cold sores. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is responsible for cold sores and is highly contagious. Recurrent episodes can be triggered by factors like UV exposure, stress, illness, and hormonal changes. Symptoms typically start with tingling or burning sensations before progressing to grouped vesicles that rupture, forming crusts. Treatment may involve antiviral medications to reduce the severity and duration of symptoms. Perioral dermatitis typically presents with papules and pustules around the mouth, while angular cheilitis involves fissures and inflammation at the corners of the mouth. Allergic contact dermatitis would present with erythema, pruritus, and possibly vesicles in

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.