ATI RN
Endocrine System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is a common cause of primary hypothyroidism?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This autoimmune condition is a common cause of primary hypothyroidism as it leads to inflammation and destruction of the thyroid gland, resulting in reduced production of thyroid hormones. Graves' disease (A) is actually a cause of hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Toxic multinodular goiter (C) is also associated with hyperthyroidism. TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma (D) causes secondary, not primary, hypothyroidism.
Question 2 of 5
Which hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. The posterior pituitary stores and releases these hormones, which are produced in the hypothalamus. Oxytocin is involved in uterine contractions and milk ejection, while antidiuretic hormone regulates water balance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because human growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone are produced by the anterior pituitary, prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone are produced by the anterior pituitary, and glucocorticoids and androgens are produced by the adrenal glands, respectively.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with renal failure and high magnesium level would later have ________ and
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiac Arrest. High magnesium levels in renal failure can lead to cardiac arrest due to the inhibitory effect on neuromuscular transmission and cardiac muscle activity. Magnesium impairs calcium entry into cells, affecting muscle contraction, potentially leading to fatal arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Respiratory paralysis (B) is unlikely as magnesium does not directly affect respiratory muscles. Liver encephalopathy (C) is unrelated to high magnesium levels. Death from hemorrhage (D) is not a typical consequence of elevated magnesium levels in renal failure.
Question 4 of 5
Target cells respond to hormones because ____________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because target cells respond to hormones by possessing specific receptors for that hormone. These receptors bind to the hormone, initiating a cellular response. Option A is incorrect as proximity to hormone-producing cells is not the reason for response. Option B is incorrect as target cells do not make the hormones they respond to. Option D is incorrect as not all cells respond to all hormones; only target cells with specific receptors do.
Question 5 of 5
Most endocrine organs are prodded into action by other hormones; this type of stimulus is called:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: hormonal stimulus. Endocrine organs are typically activated by other hormones circulating in the bloodstream, triggering a chain reaction of hormonal responses. This is known as hormonal stimulus. Other choices are incorrect because humoral stimulus refers to changes in blood levels of ions or nutrients, neural stimulus involves nerve impulses, and receptor-mediated stimulus is not a recognized term in endocrine physiology.