Which of the following is a common barrier to accessing health care in low-income communities?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lack of insurance coverage. In low-income communities, lack of insurance can be a significant barrier to accessing health care due to financial constraints. Without insurance, individuals may struggle to afford medical services and medications. This leads to delays in seeking care and can result in worse health outcomes. B: Availability of health care services is not the most common barrier in low-income communities, as there may be clinics or community health centers available, but individuals may still face challenges due to lack of insurance. C: High levels of health literacy, while important, are not typically a common barrier to accessing health care in low-income communities. It may affect understanding of health information but is not as critical as lack of insurance. D: Access to quality health care professionals, though important, is not the primary barrier in low-income communities. Even with access to professionals, individuals without insurance may struggle to afford their services.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Offering physical rehabilitation services. Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and improving the quality of life for individuals already living with chronic illness. Physical rehabilitation helps individuals regain function, mobility, and independence, which are crucial aspects of managing chronic conditions. Early detection screenings (A) are part of primary prevention, while encouraging regular exercise (C) and advocating for healthier lifestyle changes (D) are part of secondary prevention to prevent the onset or progression of chronic illness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Improving access to education and employment opportunities. This is a key factor in reducing health disparities as education and employment are directly linked to income, social status, and access to resources needed for good health. Education provides individuals with health literacy and empowers them to make informed decisions. Employment opportunities lead to financial stability, which enables access to healthcare services and healthier living conditions. A: Increasing access to health insurance may improve access to healthcare services, but it does not address the underlying social determinants of health that contribute to disparities. C: Providing free medical care may temporarily alleviate health issues, but it does not address the root causes of disparities or promote long-term health and well-being. D: Promoting physical activity programs is important for overall health, but it may not directly address the social and economic factors that contribute to health disparities in underserved communities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Community needs assessment is the process of identifying community problems, issues, and concerns using assessment tools. This involves gathering data to understand the needs of the community. It helps prioritize interventions and allocate resources effectively. Choice B, community monitoring, focuses on tracking progress and outcomes, not specifically identifying needs. Choice C, community documentation, refers to recording information rather than identifying needs. Choice D is incorrect as A is the appropriate term for this process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Survey. Surveys involve collecting data by asking individuals about the community, making it an appropriate tool for a community needs assessment. Surveys allow for a structured approach to gather information from a large number of respondents efficiently. Forums (A) are group discussions, public records (B) are official documents, and assemblies (D) are gatherings of people, none of which directly involve asking individuals specific questions for data collection in the context of a needs assessment.