ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Osteoporosis. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can inhibit calcium absorption, potentially leading to osteoporosis. PPIs reduce stomach acid production, increasing the risk of bone fractures. B: Gastritis is incorrect as PPIs are actually used to treat gastritis by reducing stomach acid. C: Weight loss is incorrect as PPIs are not associated with weight loss. D: Hypoglycemia is incorrect as PPIs do not affect blood sugar levels significantly.
Question 2 of 5
A 50-year-old male with chronic hypertension is prescribed clonidine. Clonidine works by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Clonidine is a centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that inhibits the release of norepinephrine in the brainstem. By activating alpha-2 receptors, it reduces sympathetic outflow from the CNS, leading to decreased peripheral vascular resistance and heart rate. This mechanism helps in lowering blood pressure. Summary of other choices: B: Blocking calcium channels would be a mechanism of action for calcium channel blockers, not clonidine. C: Stimulating beta-1 receptors in the heart would increase heart rate and contractility, opposite to clonidine's effects. D: Inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme is a mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors, not clonidine.
Question 3 of 5
A 65-year-old male with hypertension is prescribed valsartan. Valsartan works by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blocking the action of angiotensin II at its receptor. Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), which works by specifically blocking the binding of angiotensin II to its receptors, thereby preventing its vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-releasing effects. This leads to vasodilation and reduced sodium and water retention, ultimately lowering blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because valsartan does not inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increase sodium excretion in the kidneys, or block calcium channels in the blood vessels.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is a common side effect of using corticosteroids for long-term therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperglycemia. Corticosteroids can lead to increased blood glucose levels by promoting gluconeogenesis and reducing insulin sensitivity. This can result in hyperglycemia over time. Weight loss (B) is not a common side effect of corticosteroids; in fact, weight gain is more common. Hypotension (C) is not typically associated with corticosteroid use, as they can actually lead to fluid retention and increased blood pressure. Hypertension (D) is a potential side effect of corticosteroids due to sodium and water retention, but it is less common than hyperglycemia.
Question 5 of 5
A 65-year-old female with hypertension and diabetes is prescribed amlodipine. Amlodipine works by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blocking calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle. Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that specifically targets L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. By blocking these channels, amlodjsonline reduces the influx of calcium ions, leading to vasodilation and decreased peripheral vascular resistance, which ultimately lowers blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because amlodipine does not inhibit the synthesis of angiotensin II, inhibit sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, or block beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart.