ATI RN
Endocrine System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is a characteristic of steroid hormones?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because steroid hormones are lipid-soluble, allowing them to easily diffuse through the plasma membranes of target cells. Once inside the cell, they bind to intracellular receptors to regulate gene expression. Choice A is incorrect because steroid hormones do not catalyze cyclic AMP; that is a function of peptide hormones. Choice C is incorrect because steroid hormones do not enter the nucleus directly but bind to intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm. Choice D is incorrect because while steroid hormones do activate genes to transcribe mRNA for protein synthesis, the initial step involves binding to receptors in the cytoplasm, not directly activating gene transcription.
Question 2 of 5
A patient presents with rhabdomyolysis and depletion of 2-3-diphosphoglycerate. A common complication of high levels of the molecule being affected in this patient would be:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metastatic Calcification. Rhabdomyolysis leads to release of intracellular contents, including 2-3-diphosphoglycerate, causing hyperphosphatemia. High phosphates bind with calcium and deposit in tissues, leading to metastatic calcification. Dystrophic calcification occurs in damaged tissues, not due to high levels of 2-3-diphosphoglycerate. Heart failure and respiratory failure are not directly related to the depletion of this molecule.
Question 3 of 5
Select the correct statement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because insulin is released by β cells in the pancreas and its main function is to lower blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells. β cells are located in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and are responsible for producing and releasing insulin in response to high blood sugar levels. A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Insulin is not released by α cells; glucagon is the hormone released by α cells that increases blood sugar levels. B: Insulin lowers blood sugar, so it is not released by α cells, and α cells do not lower blood sugar. C: Insulin is released by β cells, not α cells, and it decreases blood sugar levels, not increases them.
Question 4 of 5
Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone after body growth is completed results in _______.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acromegaly. After body growth is completed, excess growth hormone causes the bones and soft tissues to continue growing abnormally, leading to enlarged hands, feet, and facial features. Gigantism occurs before growth plates close, resulting in overall increased body size. Tetany is caused by low calcium levels, not excess growth hormone. Kidney failure is unrelated to pituitary hormone regulation.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following produce antagonistic results?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels, while parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels. They have opposing actions, thus producing antagonistic results. Summary: - FSH and LH (choice B) work together in the reproductive system. - ADH and vasopressin (choice C) are different names for the same hormone. - Oxytocin and prolactin (choice D) have complementary roles in milk production and breastfeeding.