which of the following is a characteristic in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia commonly present with a combination of symptoms which can include fatigability, persistent fever of unknown cause, and a tendency to bruise easily. Fatigue is a common complaint in children with leukemia due to anemia caused by decreased production of healthy red blood cells. Persistent fevers can be a sign of infection, anemia, or other complications related to leukemia. Additionally, children with leukemia may have a low platelet count, leading to easy bruising or bleeding tendencies. Therefore, all of the characteristics mentioned in the options are correct for a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rectal temperatures are not recommended in newborns because they can potentially cause perforation of the rectal mucosa. Newborns have fragile, delicate tissues in the rectal area, and the insertion of a rectal thermometer may lead to injury or damage to the mucosal lining. It is important to exercise caution and use alternative methods for taking temperatures in newborns to avoid any harm or discomfort.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The current recommendations for hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine state that the first dose should be administered between ages 12 and 15 months. The vaccine series typically consists of three doses, with the second dose administered 1-2 months after the first dose, and the third dose given at least 8 weeks after the second dose. This schedule is recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide optimal protection against the hepatitis B virus. Starting the vaccine series at 12-15 months ensures that the child's immune system is mature enough to respond effectively to the vaccine and generate lasting immunity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cellulitis is a common skin infection that is often caused by bacteria, primarily Streptococcus or Staphylococcus organisms. These bacteria typically enter the skin through a crack or break, such as a cut, insect bite, or scratch. Once inside the skin, they can cause inflammation and infection, leading to symptoms such as redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is essential to clear the infection and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The child with chickenpox is considered to be no longer contagious when the lesions are crusted over. This usually occurs around 7-10 days after the rash first appears. At this stage, the fluid-filled blisters have dried up and formed scabs, indicating that the infectious stage of the illness has passed. The child can then safely return to school or daycare without posing a risk of spreading the infection to others. It is important for parents and caregivers to continue practicing good hygiene and ensuring that the child does not scratch the scabs to prevent complications and scarring.