ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is a cause of secondary neutropaenia in adults?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Part of general pancytopenia. Secondary neutropenia in adults can occur as part of general pancytopenia, where there is a decrease in all blood cell types. This can be caused by various conditions such as infections, medications, autoimmune disorders, and bone marrow disorders. Rationale: A: Congenital is incorrect because congenital neutropenia refers to a condition present at birth, not secondary neutropenia. B: Anti-hypertensive drugs may cause drug-induced neutropenia, but it is not the primary cause of secondary neutropenia in adults. D: Familial neutropenia is a genetic disorder that runs in families and is not a common cause of secondary neutropenia in adults.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is explaining the role of red blood cells with oxygen transport in the body with a nursing student. Which term should the nurse use to describe hemoglobin that has given up its oxygen to the body's cells?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct term to describe hemoglobin that has given up its oxygen to the body's cells is "Reduced." When hemoglobin releases oxygen to the body's cells, it becomes deoxygenated or reduced hemoglobin. This term accurately reflects the chemical state of the hemoglobin molecule after oxygen release. Summary of other choices: - B: "Detached" does not accurately describe the process of oxygen release by hemoglobin. - C: "Oxyhemoglobin" refers to hemoglobin bound to oxygen, not after it has given up oxygen. - D: "Hypoxyhemoglobin" refers to hemoglobin with low oxygen levels, not after it has given up oxygen.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing a patient with chronic lung disease. Which finding indicates long-term hypoxia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clubbed fingertips. Clubbing of the fingertips is a sign of long-term hypoxia due to chronic lung disease, causing changes in the nail bed angle and soft tissue around the nails. Pallor (A) is a paleness of the skin and not specific to hypoxia. Dyspnea (B) is difficulty breathing, which can occur in acute or chronic conditions. Pulmonary crackles (D) are abnormal lung sounds indicating fluid in the lungs, commonly seen in conditions like pneumonia. Clubbed fingertips specifically point towards long-term hypoxia in chronic lung disease.
Question 4 of 5
A patient receiving blood begins complaining of severe chest pain and a feeling of warmth. What should the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct first step is to discontinue the blood transfusion (Choice C) because the patient is experiencing symptoms of a transfusion reaction, such as chest pain and warmth. Stopping the transfusion is crucial to prevent further harm. Calling the physician (Choice A) can be done after discontinuing the transfusion. Administering diuretics (Choice B) is not appropriate for this situation. Assessing vital signs and cardiovascular status (Choice D) should be done after stopping the transfusion to monitor the patient's condition.
Question 5 of 5
An older adult patient is receiving a transfusion of packed red blood cells after being injured in a car accident. On assessment, the nurse notes a new finding of bounding pulse, crackles, and increasing dyspnea. What should the nurse do first, after stopping the transfusion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Raise the head of the bed. After stopping the transfusion due to signs of fluid overload, the priority is to alleviate symptoms and improve respiratory function. Elevating the head of the bed helps reduce venous return, decreasing preload and cardiac workload, which can help manage symptoms like dyspnea and crackles. This action promotes better oxygenation and reduces the risk of complications like pulmonary edema. Assessing vital signs (Choice A) is important but not the immediate priority. Encouraging deep breathing and coughing (Choice C) may exacerbate respiratory distress in this situation. Administering diphenhydramine (Choice D) is not indicated for fluid overload.