Which of the following intracellular structures is part of the cytoskeleton of a human cell?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Microtubules. Microtubules are a component of the cytoskeleton in human cells, providing structural support, aiding in cell division, and serving as tracks for intracellular transport. They are composed of tubulin protein subunits. A: Golgi complex is responsible for processing and packaging proteins for secretion, not part of the cytoskeleton. B: Cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells, not present in human cells. C: Flagella are motile structures used for cell movement, not part of the cytoskeleton. In summary, microtubules are the correct answer as they are a key component of the cytoskeleton, while the other choices are not part of the cytoskeleton in human cells.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The distance between the patient and caregivers. This is important in radiation safety as increasing distance reduces radiation exposure. As radiation intensity decreases with distance, keeping a safe distance minimizes the risk of radiation exposure for the nurse. Options A and B are irrelevant to radiation safety. Option D, using a barrier, is not as effective as increasing distance in reducing radiation exposure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because using a heating pad can worsen PAD by dilating blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow. Step 1: Heating pad increases blood flow, potentially worsening PAD symptoms. Step 2: Choices B, C, and D promote proper self-management by avoiding leg crossing, wearing warm socks for circulation, and quitting smoking to improve blood flow.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: In stratum malpighi. Melanoblasts are responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color. They are located in the stratum malpighi layer of the epidermis, where they transfer melanin to nearby keratinocytes. Choice A is incorrect because the stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead cells. Choice B is incorrect as the dermis is a layer of skin beneath the epidermis. Choice D is incorrect because melanoblasts are located in the stratum malpighi, not at the junction of epidermis and dermis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because melanocytes are located in the basal layer of the epidermis (stratum germinativum), where they produce melanin. Melanin then transfers to neighboring keratinocytes to protect the skin from UV radiation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because melanocytes are not found in the stratum lucidum, subcutaneous layer, or stratum granulosum. The stratum lucidum is a translucent layer without melanocytes, the subcutaneous layer contains adipose tissue but not melanocytes, and the stratum granulosum is the layer above the stratum germinativum where keratinocytes undergo changes in morphology.