Which of the following interventions is recommended for managing a patient with a suspected opioid overdose?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Naloxone is a medication used to reverse the effects of an opioid overdose by binding to opioid receptors and displacing the opioids. Administering naloxone intravenously is the recommended intervention for managing a patient with a suspected opioid overdose as it can quickly reverse respiratory depression, sedation, and other effects of opioids. This intervention can be life-saving in cases of opioid overdose and is a critical step in the management of such patients. Providing respiratory support with bag-valve-mask ventilation may be necessary in addition to naloxone administration to ensure adequate oxygenation, but naloxone remains the primary intervention to reverse the effects of opioids. Encouraging the patient to drink fluids rapidly or administering benzodiazepines for sedation are not recommended interventions for managing a suspected opioid overdose.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Assisting the client to a seated position on the toilet should be implemented first. This position promotes relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles and can help facilitate urinary elimination. It is a non-invasive and least intrusive intervention compared to performing intermittent catheterization or administering diuretic medication. Encouraging the client to drink plenty of fluids is important for promoting overall urinary function, but in this case, the priority is to aid the client in attempting to void first.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in immune defense against pathogens, particularly in phagocytosis - the process by which they engulf and destroy invading microorganisms. In a severe fungal infection, impaired neutrophil function would most likely affect their ability to effectively perform phagocytosis, leading to a compromised immune response against the fungal pathogen. This would result in increased susceptibility to the infection and potentially severe outcomes for the patient. Antibody production, cytokine secretion, and mast cell degranulation are important components of the immune response, but neutrophils are primarily responsible for phagocytosis in the innate immune system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A severe headache is a classic sign of a hemorrhagic stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and causes bleeding. This bleeding can lead to increased pressure within the skull, resulting in a sudden and severe headache. Other symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke may include nausea, vomiting, sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, and loss of coordination. It is important to seek immediate medical attention if someone is experiencing symptoms of a stroke, including a severe headache, as prompt treatment is crucial in minimizing damage and improving outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Transcription errors are typically associated with issues such as illegible handwriting, misinterpretation of directions, and the use of unapproved abbreviations. However, the wrong route of medication administration is not specifically related to transcription errors but rather falls under the category of medication administration errors. Administering medication via the wrong route can lead to serious consequences for the patient and is a separate issue from the act of transcribing doctor's orders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: X-ray is the most commonly used imaging modality to diagnose fractures of the long bones, such as the femur or tibia. X-rays are readily available, fast, cost-effective, and provide detailed images of the bone structures. Fractures appear as breaks or discontinuities in the bone on X-ray images, making it an excellent tool for diagnosing bone fractures. In many cases, X-rays are sufficient to confirm the presence, location, and type of fracture, allowing for appropriate treatment planning. Other imaging modalities like MRI and CT scans may be used for further evaluation in complex cases, but X-ray remains the initial and primary choice for diagnosing long bone fractures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presence of persistent, severe perineal pain along with ecchymosis and swelling of the perineum can indicate a complication such as a hematoma. A hematoma is a collection of blood that can occur in the perineal area postpartum, usually as a result of trauma during delivery. It is essential to notify the healthcare provider immediately to assess the situation, provide appropriate treatment, and prevent further complications. Applying ice packs or administering additional analgesic medication may not address the underlying issue of a possible hematoma, so prompt medical evaluation is crucial in this situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nurse Chona should explain to Patient Noel that the sign of negative before the word means that he is not drinking alcohol or smoking cigarettes. This is a simple misunderstanding and clarification should help clear up any confusion. It is important to uphold patient confidentiality and respect their autonomy, rather than reprimanding the patient for looking at their own chart. It is also essential to address any discrepancies in the patient's medical record to ensure accurate information is documented for proper treatment and care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To obtain a license to practice, the individual must follow certain steps and fulfill specific requirements. Option A states that she must take the path to any government official, which is not accurate or necessary in the process of obtaining a professional license. The other options provided are correct in the usual process of getting a license: registering in the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC), taking the oath of professionals before a member of the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing (PRBON), and being issued a certificate of Registration (COR) and a profession identification card (PIN).