ATI RN
Essential of Pediatric Nursing Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following instructions would Nurse Courtney include in a teaching plan that focuses on initial prevention for Sheri who is diagnosed with rheumatic fever?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most appropriate instruction in a teaching plan focusing on initial prevention for Sheri, who is diagnosed with rheumatic fever, would be treating streptococcal throat infections with an antibiotic (Choice A). Rheumatic fever is often preceded by a group A streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. Prompt treatment of streptococcal infections with antibiotics can help prevent the development of rheumatic fever and its complications. Therefore, this instruction emphasizes the importance of treating the initial infection to prevent the occurrence of rheumatic fever in individuals like Sheri who are at risk. Choices B, C, and D are not specific to the initial prevention of rheumatic fever but may be more related to the management or treatment of established cases.
Question 2 of 5
When palpating the brachial, radial, and femoral pulses of a neonate, the nurse notes a difference in pulse amplitude between the femoral and radial pulses bilaterally. This difference suggests:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart defect in which there is a narrowing of the aorta leading to differential pulses in the upper and lower extremities. In neonates, this can manifest as weaker femoral pulses compared to radial pulses due to decreased blood flow to the lower body. This difference in pulse amplitude between the femoral and radial pulses bilaterally is a classic finding in coarctation of the aorta, making it the most likely cause in this scenario. Other conditions like patent ductus arteriosus, diminished cardiac output, or left to right shunting in the heart may not specifically present with this particular pulse amplitude difference.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing a 3-month-old during a well-baby visit. Which of the following findings would warrant the nurse to recommend that the baby have an ultrasound for a possible diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a condition where the hip joint does not develop normally. It is important to detect DDH early in infants as it can lead to long-term hip problems. One of the key physical exam findings that may suggest DDH is unequal knee heights when the infant's legs are flexed. This is known as the Galeazzi sign, and it can indicate hip dysplasia or dislocation. Therefore, if a nurse observes this finding during an assessment of a 3-month-old infant, it would warrant recommending an ultrasound to further evaluate for possible DDH. Bilateral plantar flexion, bilateral polydactyly, and a positive Babinski test are not typically associated with DDH.
Question 4 of 5
When assessing a female adolescent for scoliosis, what should the nurse ask the client to do?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a female adolescent for scoliosis, the nurse should ask the client to bend forward at the waist with arms hanging freely. This Adams forward bend test allows the nurse to evaluate the spine for any asymmetry, curvature, or rib hump that may indicate scoliosis. By observing the alignment of the spine while the client is in a forward bent position, the nurse can gather important information to determine if further evaluation or referral to a healthcare provider is necessary.
Question 5 of 5
which of the following is a characteristic in a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia commonly present with a combination of symptoms which can include fatigability, persistent fever of unknown cause, and a tendency to bruise easily. Fatigue is a common complaint in children with leukemia due to anemia caused by decreased production of healthy red blood cells. Persistent fevers can be a sign of infection, anemia, or other complications related to leukemia. Additionally, children with leukemia may have a low platelet count, leading to easy bruising or bleeding tendencies. Therefore, all of the characteristics mentioned in the options are correct for a child with acute lymphocytic leukemia.