ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following inhibits the secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Somatomedins. Somatomedins, also known as insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), inhibit the secretion of growth hormone by negative feedback on the anterior pituitary. When somatomedins are present in sufficient levels, they signal to the pituitary gland to decrease the secretion of growth hormone. A: Sleep does not directly inhibit the secretion of growth hormone. In fact, growth hormone is predominantly secreted during sleep. B: Stress can stimulate the secretion of growth hormone, rather than inhibit it. C: Puberty is a stage of development where growth hormone secretion is typically increased, not inhibited.
Question 2 of 5
When it becomes necessary to enlist the fight-or-flight response, a hormone that is released during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome is ________.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: epinephrine. During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome, the body activates the fight-or-flight response to cope with stress. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is released by the adrenal glands in response to stress or danger. It increases heart rate, boosts energy, and enhances focus, preparing the body to either fight the stressor or flee from it. Estrogen (A) is a sex hormone, not involved in the fight-or-flight response. Angiotensinogen (C) and renin (D) are part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, regulating blood pressure and fluid balance, not directly related to the fight-or-flight response.
Question 3 of 5
ACTH ________.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Secretion of ACTH is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion. Rationale: 1. The hypothalamus secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). 2. CRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). 3. ACTH then stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol. 4. This feedback loop demonstrates how ACTH secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion. Summary: A - Incorrect. ACTH is secreted by the anterior pituitary, not the posterior pituitary. C - Incorrect. ACTH causes the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex, not the adrenal medulla. D - Incorrect. ACTH is a tropic hormone as it acts on another endocrine gland (adrenal cortex).
Question 4 of 5
Chemical signals that affect the behavior of other glands and tissues are _____.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hormones. Hormones are chemical signals produced by glands that travel through the bloodstream to affect the behavior of other glands and tissues. Enzymes (choice A) are catalysts for chemical reactions, not signaling molecules. Carbohydrates (choice C) are energy sources and structural components, not signaling molecules. Metabolites (choice D) are the byproducts of metabolism, not signaling molecules. Hormones are specifically designed to regulate physiological processes in the body by acting on target cells, making them the most fitting choice among the options provided.
Question 5 of 5
The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the production and secretion of hormones from the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: anterior pituitary gland. The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that travel to the anterior pituitary gland through the hypophyseal portal system, where they regulate the production and secretion of various hormones. This control mechanism ensures proper hormonal balance in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the adrenal cortex, posterior pituitary gland, and thyroid gland are not directly regulated by the hypothalamus through releasing and inhibiting hormones.