Which of the following inhaled anesthetics is an induction agent of choice in patient with airway problems?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: None of the above. In patients with airway problems, the induction agent of choice is usually propofol. Desflurane (A) and nitrous oxide (B) are not ideal for patients with compromised airways due to their irritant properties and potential for airway reactivity. Halothane (C) is not recommended in patients with airway problems due to its potential for respiratory depression and airway irritation. Therefore, the correct choice is D as propofol is the preferred induction agent in patients with airway issues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Low. Low doses of Aspirin are more effective in inhibiting Thromboxane A2 because they irreversibly inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 in platelets, which is necessary for Thromboxane A2 synthesis. High doses can lead to non-specific inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2, which may cause side effects. Choice B is incorrect because high doses can lead to non-specific inhibition. Choice C is incorrect because high doses are not more effective. Choice D is incorrect as low doses are effective.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, both Nifedipine and Verapamil are contraindicated in patients with moderate to severe heart failure due to their negative inotropic effects. These drugs can worsen heart failure symptoms by further reducing cardiac output. Nifedipine and Verapamil are calcium channel blockers that can lead to decreased contractility of the heart muscle, exacerbating heart failure. Choice A (Nifedipine) and choice B (Verapamil) are incorrect because they can be harmful in patients with heart failure. Choice D (None of the above) is incorrect as both drugs should be avoided in this patient population.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Propranolol. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can cause bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma due to its beta-blocking effects on beta-2 receptors in the lungs. This can worsen asthma symptoms and potentially lead to an asthma attack. Clonidine (B), Enalapril (C), and Nifedipine (D) do not have direct effects on bronchial smooth muscle and are not contraindicated in patients with bronchial asthma.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Growth hormone (somatotropin GH). The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces growth hormone. This hormone regulates growth, metabolism, and body composition. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are produced by the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone, respectively. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is also produced by the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of growth hormone. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it directly originates from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, unlike the other options.