Correct Answer: A

Rationale: IgA is the primary immunoglobulin class involved in providing passive immunity to newborn infants through breast milk. IgA antibodies are highly concentrated in colostrum and breast milk, offering important protection to newborns against infections. IgG antibodies can also be passed from the mother to the fetus through the placenta, providing passive immunity during pregnancy, but IgA is the main immunoglobulin class transferred through breast milk for protecting the infant's gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. IgE is mainly involved in allergies and hypersensitivity reactions, while IgM is an early responder in the immune response to infections.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The presence of ecchymosis (bruising) and significant swelling in the perineum despite analgesic medication suggests a potential complication such as a hematoma. A hematoma is a collection of blood that can occur due to trauma or during childbirth. It is important to notify the healthcare provider immediately so that further assessment and interventions, such as drainage of the hematoma, can be initiated promptly to prevent complications and alleviate the client's pain. Applying ice packs or encouraging the client to sit on a donut cushion may provide temporary relief but will not address the underlying issue of a potentially serious hematoma. Administering additional analgesic medication may not be effective in this case if the pain is primarily due to the hematoma. Prompt notification of the healthcare provider is crucial for proper management of this situation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Following surgical fixation of a tibial shaft fracture with an intramedullary nail, healthcare providers should monitor for the development of fat embolism syndrome (FES) in the immediate postoperative period. FES is a serious complication that occurs when fat droplets from the bone marrow enter the bloodstream and cause respiratory and neurological symptoms. Clinical manifestations of FES may include dyspnea, tachypnea, petechial rash, altered mental status, and hypoxemia. Prompt recognition and treatment are essential in managing fat embolism syndrome to prevent serious complications such as respiratory failure and neurological deficits. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of FES is crucial in the postoperative care of patients undergoing surgical fixation of long bone fractures.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nurse Filomena would consider the purpose of the health fair to be multiphasic screening. A multiphasic screening event involves offering various health screening tests at the same time to individuals within the community. These screenings aim to detect a range of health conditions early on, ultimately promoting prevention and early intervention. By organizing a health fair with several screening tests being given simultaneously, Nurse Filomena's primary goal is likely to help identify health issues in the community proactively and provide education and resources for ongoing health promotion and disease prevention. While aspects of community service, community bonding, and case finding may also be outcomes of the health fair, the focus on conducting multiple screening tests aligns most closely with the concept of multiphasic screening as the primary purpose.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cryptosporidium parvum is a parasite commonly found in contaminated water sources such as streams or lakes. It causes an infection called cryptosporidiosis, which often presents with symptoms like watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea. The oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum can be identified in stool samples, making it the likely culprit in this scenario. Giardia lamblia, another common waterborne parasite, can also cause similar symptoms but is characterized by trophozoites rather than oocysts in stool samples. Entamoeba histolytica is associated with amoebic dysentery and does not typically present with watery diarrhea. Cyclospora cayetanensis is another parasite causing gastrointestinal symptoms but is not as commonly associated with contaminated water sources as Cryptosporidium parvum.