Which of the following if done by the nurse, is correct during NGT insertion?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of NGT insertion, the correct answer is B, which involves measuring the length of the tube to be inserted from the tip of the nose, to the earlobe, to the xiphoid process. This method ensures that the NGT is of the appropriate length for gastric placement, preventing complications such as lung insertion or inadequate placement. Option A is incorrect because using an oil-based lubricant can be harmful if aspirated into the lungs. Option C is incorrect as soaking the NGT in ice water can cause vasoconstriction and make the tube rigid, making insertion difficult and uncomfortable for the patient. Option D is incorrect because auscultation for a bubbling sound is not a reliable method for verifying NGT placement, as it can lead to inaccurate results. Educationally, understanding the correct technique for NGT insertion is crucial for nurses to ensure safe and effective patient care. Teaching proper NGT insertion procedures can help prevent potential complications and ensure accurate placement, thus promoting optimal patient outcomes. Nurses must be knowledgeable about evidence-based practices to provide high-quality care and ensure patient safety during NGT insertion procedures.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Density. In helium-oxygen therapy, the low density of helium is crucial because it reduces airway resistance. This property allows for improved gas flow in obstructive conditions like asthma or COPD. By replacing some of the nitrogen in air with helium, the overall density of the gas mixture decreases, making it easier for patients to breathe, especially when there is airway constriction. Option A) Viscosity is incorrect because while viscosity is a property that affects flow resistance, it is not the most important property when considering helium's use in therapy. Helium's low density has a more significant impact on airway resistance reduction. Option C) Concentration is incorrect because while the concentration of helium in the mixture is important for achieving the desired therapeutic effects, it is not the most critical property of helium itself in this context. Option D) Specific gravity is incorrect because specific gravity is a measure of the density of a substance compared to the density of water and is not the primary property that makes helium beneficial in oxygen therapy. In an educational context, understanding the properties of gases used in respiratory therapy is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to deliver optimal care to patients with respiratory conditions. Knowing why helium's low density is essential in improving gas flow and reducing airway resistance can help in making informed decisions when managing patients requiring oxygen therapy. This knowledge enables healthcare professionals to provide safe and effective care tailored to the individual needs of each patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) 64 kg. In this case, the ideal body weight (IBW) calculation for a female is based on the formula of 45.5 kg + 2.3 kg per inch over 5 feet. The patient's height of 5'7⁴€ translates to 7 inches over 5 feet. Therefore, the IBW is calculated as 45.5 + (2.3 x 7) = 61.6 kg, which is closest to the provided option of 64 kg. Option B) 150 kg is incorrect as it is significantly higher than the calculated IBW and would not be appropriate for a female patient of this height and weight requiring mechanical ventilation. Option C) 75 kg is also incorrect as it does not align with the calculated IBW based on the patient's height and gender. Option D) 90 kg is incorrect as it is higher than the calculated IBW of 64 kg, making it an inappropriate choice for determining the ideal body weight for this female patient. Understanding how to calculate ideal body weight is crucial in nursing practice, especially in scenarios where accurate dosing of medications and treatments, such as mechanical ventilation, is essential for patient care. By mastering these calculations, nurses can ensure optimal care and outcomes for their patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Salbutamol. Salbutamol is a bronchodilator (beta-2 agonist) used primarily in the treatment of respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is not an inotropic agent, meaning it does not directly affect cardiac contractility. Milrinone (A), Digoxin (C), and Dopamine (D) are all inotropic agents that affect the force of cardiac muscle contraction. Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), leading to enhanced myocardial contractility. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that inhibits the sodium-potassium pump, resulting in increased intracellular calcium levels and improved cardiac contractility. Dopamine is a catecholamine that acts on adrenergic receptors to increase myocardial contractility. Understanding the difference between inotropic agents and bronchodilators is crucial in clinical practice, especially for nurses caring for patients with cardiac and respiratory conditions. Correctly identifying medications and their effects helps ensure safe and effective patient care. Nurses must be knowledgeable about pharmacology to administer medications safely, monitor for side effects, and educate patients on their treatments. This knowledge also plays a vital role in interdisciplinary healthcare teams, promoting effective communication and collaboration to optimize patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer, B) 25 mmHg, is the accurate definition of pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is diagnosed when the mean pulmonary artery pressure exceeds 25 mmHg at rest. This threshold is crucial for identifying the presence of increased pressure within the pulmonary circulation, which can lead to serious health implications. Option A) 15 mmHg is incorrect because this pressure level is within the normal range for pulmonary artery pressure at rest, and does not meet the criteria for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension. Option C) 35 mmHg and option D) 45 mmHg are both higher than the defined threshold for pulmonary hypertension. While these pressures may indicate significant issues within the pulmonary circulation, they are not the specific value used to diagnose pulmonary hypertension. Educationally, understanding the correct threshold for defining pulmonary hypertension is essential for nurses providing care to patients with cardiopulmonary conditions. Recognizing this value allows for timely identification and management of pulmonary hypertension, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. Nurses must be knowledgeable about these diagnostic criteria to provide effective care and advocate for appropriate interventions for patients with pulmonary hypertension.