ATI RN
Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems Edapt Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following hypnotic drugs increases the activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme systems?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenobarbital is the correct answer because it is a known inducer of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme systems, such as cytochrome P450 enzymes. This increase in enzyme activity can lead to faster metabolism and clearance of drugs, resulting in potential drug interactions. Zolpidem, Flurazepam, and Zaleplon are not known to significantly increase the activity of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, making them incorrect choices.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following vitamins reduces the beneficial effects of levodopa by enhancing its extracerebral metabolism?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pyridoxine. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) accelerates the metabolism of levodopa outside the brain, reducing its effectiveness. This leads to decreased levodopa levels in the brain, diminishing its beneficial effects in treating Parkinson's disease. Thiamine (B1), Tocopherol (E), and Riboflavin (B2) do not have this effect on levodopa metabolism.
Question 3 of 5
Indicate a partial mu receptor agonist which has 20-60 times analgesic potency of morphine and a longer duration of action:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Buprenorphine is a partial mu receptor agonist with 20-60 times the analgesic potency of morphine. This is due to its high affinity for the mu receptor, resulting in potent analgesic effects. Step 2: Buprenorphine also has a longer duration of action compared to morphine, making it suitable for sustained pain management. Summary: A: Pentazocine is a mixed opioid receptor agonist/antagonist, not a partial mu receptor agonist like buprenorphine. C: Nalbuphine is a kappa receptor agonist and mu receptor antagonist, not a partial mu receptor agonist like buprenorphine. D: Naltrexone is a pure opioid receptor antagonist, not a partial mu receptor agonist like buprenorphine.
Question 4 of 5
Atypical antipsychotic agents (such as clozapine) differ from typical ones:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Atypical antipsychotic agents like clozapine have reduced risks of extrapyramidal system dysfunction and tardive dyskinesia compared to typical ones. Step 2: Atypical antipsychotics have low affinity for D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. Step 3: Atypical antipsychotics have high affinity for D4 dopamine receptors. Therefore, the correct answer is D because all the statements are true for atypical antipsychotic agents like clozapine. Other choices are incorrect because they do not cover all the key differences between atypical and typical antipsychotic agents.
Question 5 of 5
Indicate an effective antidepressant with minimal autonomic toxicity:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fluoxetine. Fluoxetine is a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) with minimal autonomic toxicity compared to tricyclic antidepressants like Amitriptyline (A), Imipramine (C), and Doxepin (D). SSRIs have a more favorable side effect profile with reduced risk of anticholinergic effects, orthostatic hypotension, and cardiac toxicity. Fluoxetine specifically has a lower affinity for muscarinic, histaminic, and alpha-adrenergic receptors, reducing autonomic side effects. Amitriptyline, Imipramine, and Doxepin are tricyclic antidepressants that have stronger anticholinergic and sedative effects, leading to more autonomic toxicity.