Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cholecystokinin and secretin. Cholecystokinin stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes, while secretin stimulates the production of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice. Insulin and glucagon regulate blood sugar levels, not pancreatic juice. Gastrin primarily stimulates the release of gastric acid, not pancreatic juice. Angiotensin and epinephrine are involved in regulating blood pressure and the fight-or-flight response, not pancreatic juice secretion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Licorice. Licorice has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and mucosal protective effects on the gastrointestinal tract, which can benefit clients with gastric ulcers. It can help enhance mucous production and promote ulcer healing. Feverfew (B) may increase the risk of bleeding, Comfrey (C) contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can be toxic to the liver, and Ephedra (D) can worsen gastric ulcer symptoms due to its stimulant effect on the stomach.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Yogurt. Yogurt contains probiotics that promote healthy gut bacteria, aiding in digestion and reducing gas. It is easily digestible and less likely to cause excessive gas compared to choices A, B, and C, which are known to produce more gas due to their high fiber content. Peas, cabbage, and broccoli can exacerbate flatus issues in individuals with a colostomy, while yogurt can help alleviate them.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: vagus. The vagus nerve, or cranial nerve X, carries sensation from the digestive tract to the CNS. It is a major player in the parasympathetic nervous system, controlling many vital functions including digestion. The other options, gastric and spinal accessory, are not cranial nerves responsible for carrying sensations from the digestive tract. Choice D is incorrect as the vagus nerve specifically serves this function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: inferior. Dentin is located beneath the enamel in a tooth, making it inferior to the enamel. Enamel is the outermost layer of the tooth that covers the dentin. Therefore, the dentin is positioned below or inferior to the enamel. Choice B (anterior) refers to the front of a tooth, not its relationship to dentin. Choice C (superior) means above, which is not correct in this context. Choice D (posterior) refers to the back of a tooth, not its position relative to the enamel.