Which of the following hormones regulates the menstrual cycle in females?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (All of the above) because all three hormones (FSH, LH, and Estrogen) play crucial roles in regulating the menstrual cycle. FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, LH triggers ovulation and promotes the formation of the corpus luteum, and Estrogen helps in the development and maintenance of the uterine lining. Together, these hormones work in a coordinated manner to ensure the proper functioning of the menstrual cycle. Therefore, selecting all of the above is the correct choice as each hormone is indispensable in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. The placenta acts as a bridge between the mother and fetus, allowing the exchange of oxygen and nutrients necessary for fetal growth and development. It also helps in removing waste products from the fetus. Choices A and D are incorrect as the placenta does not excrete waste products or help in the production of milk. Choice C is incorrect as the placenta does not store the fetus but rather provides essential support and nourishment during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prolactin. Prolactin is the hormone responsible for triggering milk production in the mammary glands. It is produced by the pituitary gland in response to the suckling stimulus from a newborn. Oxytocin, on the other hand, is responsible for the ejection of milk from the mammary glands. Estrogen and progesterone play roles in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy but do not directly trigger milk production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Seminal vesicles. Seminal vesicles produce seminal fluid, which is a major component of semen. They contribute fructose, prostaglandins, and other substances to nourish and protect sperm. The prostate gland (choice A) produces a milky fluid that helps activate sperm. The epididymis (choice C) is a coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored. The testes (choice D) produce sperm and testosterone, but not seminal fluid. Therefore, the correct choice is B as seminal vesicles specifically produce seminal fluid.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Estrogen. Estrogen is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females such as breast development, widening of hips, and the growth of pubic and underarm hair. Testosterone (A) is a male sex hormone, progesterone (B) is involved in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, and FSH (D) is a hormone that stimulates the ovaries to produce eggs. Estrogen plays a key role in the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics, making it the correct choice in this context.