ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following hormones is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epinephrine & norepinephrine. These hormones are responsible for the fight-or-flight response. When facing a threat, the adrenal glands release these hormones, which increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels to prepare the body to either fight or flee. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are part of the sympathetic nervous system's response to stress. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect: B: Insulin & glucagon regulate blood sugar levels, not the fight-or-flight response. C: Estrogen & progesterone are reproductive hormones, not involved in the fight-or-flight response. D: Thyroxin & melatonin regulate metabolism and sleep-wake cycles, respectively, not the fight-or-flight response.
Question 2 of 5
In hyperthyroidism, which of the following lab findings would you expect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland produces an excess of thyroid hormones T3 and T4, leading to negative feedback on the pituitary gland, resulting in decreased TSH levels. Therefore, you would expect decreased TSH and increased T3, T4 levels. A is incorrect because TSH would be decreased, not increased. C is incorrect because TSH would be decreased in hyperthyroidism. D is incorrect because T3 and T4 would be increased in hyperthyroidism.
Question 3 of 5
Which mechanism is primarily responsible for maintaining hormone levels within a narrow range?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: negative feedback mechanisms. Negative feedback mechanisms help maintain hormone levels within a narrow range by inhibiting further hormone production once a certain level is reached. When hormone levels rise, negative feedback signals the body to decrease hormone production, preventing excessive levels. Positive feedback mechanisms, on the other hand, amplify hormone production. Hormone-receptor complexes and hormone-gene complexes are not directly responsible for maintaining hormone levels within a narrow range but rather play roles in hormone signaling and gene expression, respectively.
Question 4 of 5
A patient presents with increased growth of skeletal and soft tissue, hypertension, arthritis, menstrual disturbances, and diabetes mellitus. Upon administration of oral glucose, which of the following levels would increase?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: IGF. Increased growth of skeletal and soft tissue, along with other symptoms, suggest acromegaly due to excess growth hormone (GH) secretion. GH stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which mediates many of GH's effects. In acromegaly, elevated IGF levels contribute to the clinical manifestations. Option A (GH) is incorrect because GH levels may be high but not necessarily in response to oral glucose. Option C (GH and IGF) is incorrect as GH alone does not directly increase in response to oral glucose. Option D (ADH) is unrelated to the scenario described.
Question 5 of 5
Mole for mole, which of the following has the greatest effect on plasma osmolality?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Plasma osmolality is primarily regulated by the concentration of solutes in the blood. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), plays a key role in regulating water reabsorption in the kidneys, thus affecting plasma osmolality. When plasma osmolality increases, vasopressin is released to increase water reabsorption, leading to a decrease in plasma osmolality. Progesterone, cortisol, and aldosterone do not directly influence water reabsorption and therefore do not have as significant an impact on plasma osmolality as vasopressin.