ATI RN
Endocrine Review of Systems Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following hormones controls the production and release of glucocorticoids?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: ACTH. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal glands to produce and release glucocorticoids, such as cortisol. ADH (A) regulates water balance, GH (C) controls growth, and FSH (D) regulates reproductive functions. ACTH specifically targets the adrenal cortex to regulate glucocorticoid production, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
Question 2 of 5
Hypothyroidism in children:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cretinism. Cretinism is a condition of severe hypothyroidism during childhood, leading to stunted growth, intellectual disability, and physical deformities. Myxoedema refers to severe hypothyroidism in adults, not children. Graves disease is a form of hyperthyroidism, opposite of hypothyroidism. Acromegaly is a condition caused by excess growth hormone, not related to thyroid dysfunction. Therefore, Cretinism is the correct answer for hypothyroidism in children due to its specific characteristics and presentation.
Question 3 of 5
Which glands are responsible for the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parathyroid and thyroid. The parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels in the blood by increasing calcium absorption from the intestines and releasing calcium from bones. The thyroid gland produces calcitonin, which helps lower blood calcium levels by promoting calcium deposition in bones. The other choices (B: Adrenal medulla and pancreas, C: Testes, D: Parathyroid and thymus) are incorrect because they do not play a direct role in regulating calcium levels in the blood.
Question 4 of 5
Which system works closely with the endocrine system to coordinate the body's functions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: nervous system. The nervous system works closely with the endocrine system to coordinate the body's functions through the release of neurotransmitters and hormones. The nervous system uses electrical signals to transmit information rapidly, while the endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions. The immune system (B) protects the body from infections, the circulatory system (C) transports nutrients and oxygen throughout the body, and the respiratory system (D) is responsible for gas exchange. However, these systems do not directly coordinate with the endocrine system in the same way the nervous system does.
Question 5 of 5
A girl presents with delayed puberty, absent secondary sexual characteristics, and primary amenorrhea. She also appears to be hypertensive and hypokalemia. Which of the following enzymes is increased if there is virilization of a person?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 11b-Hydroxylase. In cases of virilization, increased androgen production occurs. 11b-Hydroxylase is involved in the synthesis of cortisol and aldosterone. When there is a deficiency in this enzyme, excess androgens are diverted towards the production of testosterone, leading to virilization. In contrast, choices B (17a-Hydroxylase) and C (21b-Hydroxylase) deficiencies result in decreased androgen production. Choice D, Pyruvate Kinase, is not related to steroid hormone synthesis. Therefore, the correct enzyme in this scenario is 11b-Hydroxylase.