Which of the following hormones come from anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Correct Answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Inhibin is produced in the ovaries and testes, not the pituitary gland. Triiodothyronine is a thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland, not the pituitary gland. Oxytocin is produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, not the anterior lobe. Therefore, the correct answer is B because it is the hormone that originates from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer D: Catecholamines include epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla in response to stress and play a crucial role in the fight-or-flight response. Epinephrine increases heart rate and blood flow to muscles, while norepinephrine helps maintain blood pressure. These actions help the body respond to stressful situations. Summary of Other Choices: A: Incorrect. Cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone are not catecholamines. They are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. B: Incorrect. Adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and aldosterone, not catecholamines. C: Incorrect. Catecholamines actually increase plasma glucose levels to provide energy during stress.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Oxytocin is a neurohypophyseal hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. 2. It plays a key role in stimulating uterine contractions during labor and childbirth. 3. This action helps in the progression of labor by promoting the expulsion of the fetus. 4. Oxytocin also stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding. 5. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the role of oxytocin in uterine muscle contraction. Summary: B: Oxytocin is not a gonadotropin; it does not directly affect gonadal function. C: Oxytocin does not stimulate the kidney to reabsorb Na+ and water; that is the role of other hormones like aldosterone. D: Oxytocin is not a mineralocorticoid; it does not regulate electrolyte balance like mineralocorticoids do.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pineal gland. The pineal gland is responsible for secreting melatonin, a hormone that regulates our biological rhythms such as sleep-wake cycles. This gland is located in the brain and plays a crucial role in maintaining our circadian rhythm. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels, not melatonin. B: The adenohypophysis, or anterior pituitary gland, secretes various hormones but not melatonin. D: The adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, not melatonin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: polyphagia. Polyphagia is the medical term for excessive eating despite adequate glucose levels in the blood, commonly seen in conditions like diabetes mellitus. This excessive hunger is due to the body's inability to use glucose effectively, leading to a constant feeling of hunger. A: Acidosis refers to an excess of acid in the blood, not related to excessive eating. B: Polyuria is excessive urination, not directly related to excessive eating. C: Polydipsia is excessive thirst, also not directly related to excessive eating. In summary, polyphagia is the correct term for excessive eating despite adequate glucose levels, while the other choices are unrelated to this specific symptom.