ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following hormones are produced and secreted by the adrenal medulla?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline (epinephrine/norepinephrine) catecholamines for fight-or-flight. T4/T3 (thyroid) regulate metabolism, not medullary. Insulin/glucagon (pancreas) manage glucose, not adrenal. Aldosterone/cortisol (adrenal cortex) are steroids, not medulla. Adrenaline-noradrenaline's neural-endocrine role distinguishes them, critical for acute stress, unlike thyroid, pancreatic, or cortical hormones.
Question 2 of 5
The release of ACTH from the pituitary stimulates the release of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) from the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal cortex's zona fasciculata to release cortisol, a glucocorticoid for stress and metabolism. Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid, comes from zona glomerulosa, regulated by renin-angiotensin, not ACTH. Epinephrine is medullary, not ACTH-driven. Renin, from kidneys, isn't pituitary-stimulated. Cortisol's ACTH dependency distinguishes it, key to stress response, unlike electrolyte or medullary outputs.
Question 3 of 5
The largest endocrine gland is the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The thyroid, in the neck, is the largest purely endocrine gland by mass, secreting thyroxine and calcitonin for metabolism and calcium regulation. Pituitary, small but master, controls others. Adrenals produce steroids and catecholamines, smaller than thyroid. Pancreas, larger, is dual endocrine (islets) and exocrine (digestion), diluting its endocrine claim. Thyroid's size and exclusive endocrine role distinguish it, vital for systemic metabolism.
Question 4 of 5
A symptom of diabetes mellitus is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Polydipsia (excessive thirst) is a diabetes mellitus symptom, driven by hyperglycemia dehydrating cells, triggering thirst. 'Glyconemia' isn't a term hyperglycemia is correct, but not listed. Weight gain contrasts with typical loss from glucose wasting. Hypoglycemia isn't characteristic high glucose defines it. Polydipsia's link to osmotic diuresis distinguishes it, key to diabetes recognition, unlike misnamed or opposing signs.
Question 5 of 5
A client is admitted to the surgical nursing unit following a subtotal thyroidectomy. In addition to monitoring the client for signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism, the nurse should be concerned with the function of which other local endocrine gland(s)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Post-subtotal thyroidectomy, removing most thyroid tissue, the nurse monitors hypothyroidism (low T₃/T₄) and the nearby parathyroid glands, embedded in the thyroid, which regulate calcium via parathyroid hormone (PTH). Surgical disruption risks hypoparathyroidism, causing hypocalcemia (e.g., tetany). Pituitary oversees TSH but isn't local or directly affected here. Pancreas (insulin) and adrenals (cortisol) are distant, unrelated to thyroid proximity. Parathyroids' anatomical closeness and calcium role distinguish them, critical for post-surgical care, unlike systemic or distant glands.