Which of the Following Hormones Are Expected to Increase in the Body After Consuming a Banana Split?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C (Insulin) is correct: 1. A banana split is high in carbohydrates and sugar. 2. Consuming carbohydrates and sugar triggers an increase in blood glucose levels. 3. Insulin is released by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels to facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells for energy. 4. Therefore, after consuming a banana split, insulin levels in the body are expected to increase to regulate blood glucose levels. Summary of why other choices are incorrect: - A: Prolactin is a hormone involved in lactation and is not directly related to consuming a banana split. - B: Glucagon is released in response to low blood glucose levels to increase blood sugar, opposite of what is expected after consuming a banana split. - D: Thyroid hormone regulates metabolism and is not directly influenced by consuming a banana split.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because blood vessels in the gut are not innervated by the enteric nervous system. The enteric nervous system primarily regulates gut motility, secretion, and blood flow, but it does not innervate blood vessels. The myenteric plexus lies between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers, making choice B correct. Parasympathetic supply to the gut comes from the vagus nerve and sacral nerves, supporting choice C. Sympathetic supply is often inhibitory on cholinergic postganglionic fibers, making choice D accurate. Therefore, A is incorrect as the enteric nervous system does not innervate blood vessels in the gut.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: B12. B12 is a water-soluble vitamin because it dissolves in water and can be easily excreted through urine if taken in excess. It plays a crucial role in red blood cell formation and neurological function. Vitamins D, A, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they require fat for absorption and are stored in the body's fat tissues, making it harder to excrete excess amounts. This is why B12 is the only water-soluble vitamin among the choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: peristaltic rushes. Peristaltic rushes are abnormal and excessive contractions that can result in diarrhea or bowel urgency. In normal health, peristalsis (A) is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of intestinal smooth muscles that moves contents along the digestive tract. Weak antiperistalsis (B) refers to reverse contractions that are weaker than normal peristalsis. Tonic contractions (D) are sustained contractions that help maintain muscle tone and control flow. Therefore, peristaltic rushes are the only option that does not occur in normal health due to their abnormal and disruptive nature.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the energy expended by the body at rest to maintain basic physiological functions. Choice D is correct because it states that BMR is about 40Kcal/m2/h in an average man, which is a commonly accepted value. This is based on the energy needed for essential bodily functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because: A) BMR is generally higher in men due to their higher muscle mass; B) BMR is measured after an overnight fast, not within 12 hours after the last meal; C) Fever typically increases BMR by around 7% per 1°C rise, not 18%.