Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The pancreas has exocrine (digestive enzymes via ducts) and endocrine (insulin, glucagon into blood) roles. Anterior pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal medulla are solely endocrine. This dual function distinguishes the pancreas, vital for digestion and glucose control, contrasting with pure endocrine glands.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Adrenaline, from the adrenal medulla, prepares the body for emergencies by accelerating heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing glucose 'fight or flight.' Pineal (melatonin) aids sleep, pituitary (GH, ACTH) regulates long-term, pancreas (insulin) manages sugar not rapid action. Adrenal's acute stress response distinguishes it, vital for survival, contrasting with metabolic or sleep hormones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Angiotensinogen, synthesized by the liver, is cleaved by kidney-derived renin to angiotensin I, driving blood pressure regulation via angiotensin II. Prorenin is largely inactive, not 50% active. Propranolol (β-blocker) reduces renin by blocking sympathetic stimulation, not increasing it. Angiotensin I is inactive, not a vasodilator angiotensin II vasoconstricts. Liver synthesis distinguishes angiotensinogen's role, essential for RAAS activation, unlike precursor activity, drug effects, or vasodilation errors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) binds most circulating T4 (~70%), stabilizing it in plasma for transport high affinity defines it. Prealbumin (transthyretin) binds less (~15-20%). 'Tramothynetim' is a typo, likely irrelevant. A2 globulin isn't a thyroid binder albumin binds some (~10%). TBG's dominance distinguishes it, critical for T4's bioavailability, unlike minor or erroneous binders.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ANP inhibits ADH secretion, promoting diuresis to lower volume/BP, countering ADH's water retention. It reduces BP, not increases, via vasodilation/natriuresis. Dopamine responsiveness isn't ANP-mediated ANP acts via cGMP. ANPR-A (active) has higher affinity than ANPR-C (clearance). ADH inhibition distinguishes ANP's role, key to fluid regulation, unlike BP, dopamine, or receptor claims.