Which of the following groupings of muscle type and their characteristics is INCORRECT?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cardiac muscle is striated but involuntary (autonomic), not voluntary unlike skeletal (striated, voluntary, syncytial) and smooth (visceral, involuntary, non-striated). This mischaracterization distinguishes cardiac's automatic heart function, critical for physiological accuracy, contrasting with skeletal's conscious control.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Parallel fascicles run along a muscle's long axis, straight from origin to insertion, as in the sartorius, optimizing range of motion over force. Circular fascicles form rings (e.g., orbicularis oculi), not linear. Pennate fibers angle into a tendon (e.g., rectus femoris), not parallel. 'Rectus' means straight but isn't a fascicle type it's a naming convention (e.g., rectus abdominis, which is parallel). Parallel arrangement's alignment with the muscle's length, enhancing lengthening/shortening, makes 'c' the correct description.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The anterior abdominal wall includes rectus abdominis , internal oblique (c, likely 'interior' typo), and external oblique , forming the front's muscular sheath for flexion and compression. Quadratus lumborum , in the posterior abdominal wall, attaches to the lumbar vertebrae and iliac crest, aiding lateral flexion and posture, not anteriorly. Its deep, posterior location excludes it from the anterior group, making 'a' the correct non-member.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The vastus intermedius, part of the quadriceps, lies deep to the rectus femoris, which overlays it, both inserting into the patella via the quadriceps tendon for knee extension. Biceps femoris , a hamstring, is posterior, not overlying. Vastus medialis and lateralis , also quadriceps, are lateral and medial to intermedius, not superficial. Rectus femoris's anterior position over intermedius, per thigh anatomy, makes 'b' the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The vertebral foramina of cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) are triangular, larger than in other regions, accommodating the cervical spinal cord and its mobility. Round fits thoracic/lumbar foramina more closely. Oval describes cervical bodies, not foramina. Heart-shaped is unrelated to vertebral anatomy. The triangular shape, widest at the base, reflects the cervical spine's need for space (e.g., C1's ring, C7's transition), making 'c' the correct answer per spinal anatomy.