Which of the following glucocorticoids is a short- to medium-acting drug?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Prednisolone is the correct answer because it is a short- to medium-acting glucocorticoid, with a duration of action of about 12-36 hours. Dexamethasone is a long-acting glucocorticoid, with a duration of action of 36-72 hours. Triamcinolone is also a long-acting glucocorticoid with a duration of action of 12-36 hours. Therefore, choices B and C are incorrect. Choice D is incorrect because not all of the options are short- to medium-acting drugs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because vitamin A does not act as a hormone involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. A: This statement is true as vitamin A is essential for the transmission of light stimuli to the brain through the formation of visual pigment in the retina. B: This statement is true as retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A, plays a crucial role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in various tissues. C: This statement is true as retinoic acid is important during embryogenesis for proper development. In summary, vitamin A is not involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, making statement D the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Hyperlipoproteinemia is indeed a condition characterized by elevated levels of lipoproteins in the blood. Lipoproteins carry cholesterol and other fats through the bloodstream. The high levels of lipoproteins in hyperlipoproteinemia can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Explanation of other choices: B: FALSE - This is incorrect because hyperlipoproteinemia is a real medical condition. C: All - This is incorrect as it doesn't accurately reflect the specific nature of hyperlipoproteinemia. D: None - This is incorrect as hyperlipoproteinemia is a recognized medical condition with specific diagnostic criteria.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Colchicine. Colchicine is used in the treatment of gout by preventing the migration of granulocytes to the inflamed area, thereby reducing inflammation and pain. Allopurinol (A) works by reducing uric acid production, Sulfinpyrazone (B) and Indomethacin (D) work by inhibiting uric acid reabsorption and reducing inflammation through prostaglandin inhibition, respectively. These mechanisms do not involve preventing the migration of granulocytes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the statements are true about calcium. A: The recommended daily allowances for calcium intake vary with age groups. B: Calcium chloride can indeed be irritating and cause necrosis if it leaks out of the vein during intravenous administration. C: Patients with achlorhydria (lack of stomach acid) may have decreased calcium absorption, so calcium carbonate is recommended to be taken with meals or switching to calcium citrate for better absorption. Therefore, choice D encompasses all the correct statements about calcium, making it the correct answer.