Which of the following glucocorticoids have two fluoride atoms in its chemical structure?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Triamcinolone. Triamcinolone has two fluoride atoms in its chemical structure, making it a fluorinated glucocorticoid. Prednisolone (A) does not contain any fluoride atoms. Dexamethasone (B) and Fluocinolone (C) each have only one fluoride atom in their chemical structure. Therefore, Triamcinolone is the only option with two fluoride atoms, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because night blindness (Hemeralopia, Nyctalopia) is a condition where vision is normal in daylight but weak or lost in dim light due to vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is essential for the conversion of light into electrical signals in the retina, crucial for night vision. Choice A refers to extreme dryness of the conjunctiva, not night blindness. Choice B describes xerophthalmia, a condition associated with severe vitamin A deficiency leading to corneal issues, not night blindness. Therefore, the correct answer is C as it accurately defines night blindness due to vitamin A deficiency.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. Familial chylomicronemia (type I) is indeed caused by a deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity. Lipoprotein lipase is essential for breaking down chylomicrons, which are fat particles in the blood. Without enough lipoprotein lipase activity, chylomicrons accumulate in the blood, leading to symptoms of type I hyperlipoproteinemia. Therefore, the deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity is the primary cause of familial chylomicronemia. Summary of other choices: B: FALSE - This is incorrect as the deficiency in lipoprotein lipase activity is the cause of familial chylomicronemia. C: All - This is incorrect as not all choices are correct. Only choice A is true. D: None - This is incorrect as choice A is true.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases serum calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption and kidney reabsorption of calcium. Step 2: PTH decreases serum phosphate levels by promoting renal excretion of phosphate. Step 3: Therefore, the statement that PTH increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphate is true. Step 4: Choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the actions of PTH. Step 5: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the effects of PTH on serum calcium and phosphate levels.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because calcium interactions with other drugs involve various mechanisms. Ethanol decreases calcium absorption, loop diuretics increase renal excretion of calcium, and glucocorticoids stimulate renal excretion. Therefore, all of the above options are correct in describing different interactions of calcium with these drugs. The incorrect choices are A, B, and C because they do not accurately represent the interactions with calcium as described in the question.