Which of the following glucocorticoids has no fluoride atoms in its chemical structure?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Prednisolone is the correct answer because it does not contain any fluoride atoms in its chemical structure. Prednisolone is a synthetic corticosteroid that lacks fluorine atoms, making it safer for long-term use compared to other glucocorticoids like dexamethasone, fluocinolone, and triamcinolone, which all contain fluorine atoms. Fluorine atoms in glucocorticoids can increase their potency but also lead to potential adverse effects, such as bone density loss and increased risk of fractures. Therefore, prednisolone is the safest option among the choices provided.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Vitamin E is not specifically required for the synthesis of prothrombin and clotting factors. A: True. Vitamin E is a vital antioxidant protecting cell membranes from damage. B: True. Vitamin E is known for its antisterility and antiabortion properties. D: True. Vitamin E is essential for regulating oxidative processes. In summary, vitamin E does not play a direct role in the synthesis of clotting factors, making statement C incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. The Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT) indeed showed that treatment with a lipid-lowering drug reduced the risk of death due to coronary heart disease. This conclusion is based on the findings and results of the study, which have been scientifically validated. Choice B is incorrect because the CPPT did demonstrate the effectiveness of lipid-lowering drugs in reducing coronary heart disease mortality. Choice C, All, and Choice D, None, are also incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the specific outcome of the CPPT. Thus, the correct answer is A because it aligns with the established evidence and results of the study.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: D is the correct answer because the parathyroid hormone (PTH) actually increases calcium reabsorption and decreases phosphate excretion in the kidneys, not the other way around. PTH acts on the kidneys to enhance calcium reabsorption and decrease phosphate reabsorption, leading to increased serum calcium levels and decreased serum phosphate levels. Choices A, B, and C are correct statements about PTH, highlighting its role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels in the body.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because magnesium is not a physiological calcium agonist. Magnesium acts as a physiological calcium antagonist, meaning it competes with calcium for binding sites and can inhibit calcium influx into cells. This is important for various cellular functions, including muscle contraction, nerve conduction, and blood clotting. Choices A, B, and C are correct statements about magnesium. Magnesium is indeed mainly an intracellular cation and is the fourth most abundant cation in the body. The recommended dietary amounts of magnesium are around 350-400 mg per day, and the common causes of magnesium deficiency include diet, alcoholism, diarrhea, malabsorption, diabetes mellitus, and certain medications like diuretics and aminoglycosides.