Which of the following glands is NOT an endocrine gland?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Most hormones are peptides (e.g., insulin, ACTH) or steroids (e.g., cortisol, estrogen), derived from amino acids or cholesterol, respectively dominant classes. Amines (e.g., epinephrine) exist but are fewer, not paired with sodium (an ion). Glucose isn't a hormone class metabolic substrate. Sodium isn't hormonal electrolyte. Peptides and steroids distinguish endocrine diversity, key to their synthesis and action, unlike minor or non-hormonal pairs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pancreas, near the small intestine in the abdomen, secretes insulin/glucagon glucose regulation. Adrenals are above kidneys, not near intestine. Hypothalamus is cranial, not abdominal. Thyroid is cervical, metabolic. Pancreas' abdominal proximity distinguishes it, critical for digestion and metabolism, unlike suprarenal, brain, or neck glands.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ADH deficiency causes diabetes insipidus polyuria/polydipsia from poor water reabsorption, dilute urine. Diabetes mellitus is insulin-related, glucose-driven. Uterine contractions tie to oxytocin, not ADH. Decreased urine opposes DI volume rises. DI's water loss distinguishes it, key to ADH's role, unlike glucose, contraction, or retention conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Simple goiter (thyroid enlargement) from iodine deficiency is prevented by dietary iodine enables T3/T4 synthesis, avoiding compensatory growth. Antibiotics treat infection, not deficiency. Surgery removes goiter, not prevents. Hormone therapy (e.g., levothyroxine) treats hypothyroidism, not root cause. Iodine addition distinguishes prevention, key to thyroid health, unlike infection, surgical, or replacement approaches.