Which of the following foods should be avoided by patients experiencing xerostomia, except one? Which is the exception?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is Dill pickles. Unlike the other choices, which can exacerbate xerostomia due to their dry or irritating nature, dill pickles, being tart and sour, can actually help stimulate saliva flow, which is beneficial for patients with xerostomia. Saltines, salsa, and alcohol are all known to contribute to dry mouth and should generally be avoided by individuals experiencing xerostomia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bulimia. Bulimia involves repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging, which can lead to the erosion of lingual enamel, enlarged parotid glands, palatal bruising, and dentinal hypersensitivity. This behavior exposes the teeth to stomach acid during purging, causing damage to the enamel. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because these conditions are not typically associated with the specific oral health issues mentioned in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The statement is false. The metabolic rate is actually lowest during sleep and increases upon waking. During sleep, the body conserves energy, leading to a lower metabolic rate. As the body wakes up and becomes active, the metabolic rate increases to support the body's functions and energy needs. Therefore, the metabolic rate is not the highest after a few hours of sleep, making the statement false.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Adults who participate in endurance exercise are typically more aware of their nutritional needs and have higher protein intake compared to other groups. The rationale behind why the other choices are incorrect is as follows: A: The elderly are often at a higher risk of insufficient protein intake due to various factors such as reduced appetite, dental issues, and decreased muscle mass. B: Individuals with low income may struggle to afford protein-rich foods, making them more susceptible to insufficient protein intake. D: Patients who are chronically ill may have specific dietary restrictions or challenges that can lead to inadequate protein consumption.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cheese, pizza, desserts, and chicken. These foods are significant contributors to the intake of saturated fats in the American diet, often found in processed and fast foods. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while butter, coconut, and palm oils (A) are sources of saturated fats, they are not the biggest contributors in the American diet. Corn oil (B) is a source of unsaturated fats, and meat and milk (C) contain saturated fats but are not the primary contributors compared to cheese, pizza, desserts, and chicken.