ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drugs Pharmacology Slideshare Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following fibers participates in high-frequency pain transmission?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because Type A delta and C fibers are known to participate in high-frequency pain transmission. Type A delta fibers transmit sharp, localized pain signals, while Type C fibers transmit dull, aching pain signals. Choice B, Type A alpha fibers, are responsible for transmitting proprioceptive information. Choice C, Type B fibers, are not involved in pain transmission. Choice D, Type A beta fibers, are responsible for touch and pressure sensations, not high-frequency pain transmission. Therefore, based on the characteristics of each fiber type, Type A delta and C fibers are the correct choice for high-frequency pain transmission.
Question 2 of 5
Indicate the neuromuscular blocker, whose breakdown product readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and may cause seizures:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Atracurium. Atracurium is metabolized to laudanosine, which readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and may cause seizures. Pancuronium (A) does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Succinylcholine (B) does not have a breakdown product that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tubocurarine (C) does not produce a breakdown product that causes seizures.
Question 3 of 5
Compared with epinephrine, norepinephrine produces all of the following effects EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that acts on both alpha and beta receptors. Step 2: Norepinephrine has more potent effects on alpha receptors compared to epinephrine. Step 3: Choice A is correct as norepinephrine has similar effects on beta1 receptors in the heart and similar potency at alpha receptors. Step 4: Choice C is incorrect as tissue necrosis is associated with dopamine, not norepinephrine. Step 5: Choice D is incorrect as norepinephrine increases both diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Step 6: Choice B is correct as norepinephrine does not decrease mean pressure below normal before returning to the control value, making it the exception among the effects listed.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following alfa receptor antagonists is useful in reversing the intense local vasoconstriction caused by inadvertent infiltration of norepinephrine into subcutaneous tissue during intravenous administration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Phentolamine. Phentolamine is an alpha receptor antagonist that can rapidly reverse the vasoconstriction caused by local infiltration of norepinephrine. It works by blocking alpha receptors, leading to vasodilation and improved blood flow in the affected area. Propranolol (A) is a beta-blocker and not effective in reversing alpha receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Tamsulosin (C) is an alpha-1 blocker primarily used for benign prostatic hyperplasia, not for acute vasoconstriction reversal. Ergotamine (D) is a vasoconstrictor used in treating migraines, which would exacerbate the problem in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
Barbiturates are being replaced by hypnotic benzodiazepines because of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Barbiturates have a low therapeutic index, leading to a narrow range between therapeutic and toxic doses. They suppress REM sleep, which can lead to negative effects on sleep quality. Barbiturates also have a high potential for physical dependence and abuse, making them less desirable compared to benzodiazepines. Therefore, all the given reasons collectively contribute to the shift towards using hypnotic benzodiazepines over barbiturates.