Which of the following factors is considered a social determinant of health?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Income and social status. This is because income and social status have a significant impact on an individual's access to resources that influence their health, such as nutritious food, safe housing, and quality education. Lower income and social status are associated with higher rates of chronic diseases and poorer health outcomes. A: Genetic predisposition to disease is not a social determinant of health as it is biological and not influenced by social factors. B: Access to health care services is important but is not solely a social determinant of health as it may be influenced by various other factors. C: Quality of the physical environment can impact health, but it is not as strong of a social determinant as income and social status which influence various aspects of an individual's life.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because offering community-wide stress management workshops promotes mental well-being at a population level. It addresses the root cause of mental health issues by teaching skills to cope with stress effectively. Providing individual therapy (choice A) targets individuals, not the community. Support groups (choice C) are beneficial but may not reach the entire community. Mental health screenings in schools (choice D) focus on identification, not prevention or promotion of mental well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most effective strategy for reducing hypertension in a community is promoting a diet low in sodium. High sodium intake is directly linked to high blood pressure. By reducing sodium intake, blood pressure can be better controlled. Regular exercise (choice A) is important for overall health but may not have as direct an impact on blood pressure as diet. Providing free blood pressure screenings (choice B) is helpful for early detection but does not address the root cause. Advocating for policies to reduce air pollution (choice D) is important for overall health but may not have as direct an impact on hypertension as reducing sodium intake.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because offering vaccines is a primary prevention strategy that aims to prevent the occurrence of disease in the first place by building immunity against specific pathogens. This approach targets the root cause of infectious diseases and helps reduce the spread within the population. Vaccines are administered before exposure to the disease, making them a proactive measure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they fall under secondary or tertiary prevention strategies. Providing antibiotics (B) treats infected individuals after they have already contracted the disease, which is a secondary prevention measure. Promoting condom use (C) aims to reduce the risk of transmission after exposure, making it a form of secondary prevention for STIs. Education on handwashing techniques (D) is a good hygiene practice, but it is more focused on reducing the spread of infections after exposure, making it a secondary prevention strategy as well.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and improving the health of individuals already affected by a disease or condition. Providing rehabilitation services for individuals with heart disease falls under tertiary prevention as it aims to help manage the condition and prevent complications. A: Promoting regular exercise to prevent obesity is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent the development of obesity. B: Screening for early signs of diabetes is an example of secondary prevention, focusing on early detection and treatment to prevent the progression of the disease. D: Offering vaccination clinics to prevent disease outbreaks is an example of primary prevention, aiming to prevent the occurrence of diseases through immunization.