ATI RN
ARRT Practice Questions for Patient Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following factors exerts the GREATEST effect on the extent of spread of local anesthetic following subarachnoid block with hyperbaric bupivacaine?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Patient position significantly affects the spread of hyperbaric bupivacaine in the subarachnoid space due to gravity, more so than dose or additives like epinephrine.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is encouraging a reluctant postoperative patient to deep breathe and cough. Which explanation can the nurse provide that may encourage the patient to comply?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because deep breathing and coughing help clear out anesthesia, preventing complications like respiratory depression. Anesthesia can affect the respiratory system, leading to mucus buildup and decreased lung function. By deep breathing and coughing, the patient can enhance lung expansion and clear out the anesthesia, reducing the risk of respiratory issues postoperatively. Choice A is incorrect because it instills fear without providing a clear rationale for the importance of deep breathing and coughing. Choice B is incorrect as it downplays the frequency needed to effectively clear out anesthesia. Choice C is incorrect because clearing the throat alone does not address the need for deep breathing and coughing to prevent respiratory complications.
Question 3 of 5
You are called to the scene where a 36-year-old male was shot in the back while running away from an assailant. While treating and attempting to stabilize the patient, what should be done with the clothing he was wearing?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because placing the clothing in a paper bag with the disposable gloves helps preserve any potential evidence without contaminating it. Sealing the bag ensures the integrity of the evidence, and documenting all details on the bag maintains a clear chain of custody. This method follows proper forensic protocol for preserving evidence. Choice A is incorrect because simply laying the clothing to the side may lead to contamination and loss of evidence integrity. Choice B is incorrect as placing the clothing between the patient's legs on the stretcher risks contamination and may not preserve evidence properly. Choice C is incorrect because sealing the evidence bag is crucial to maintain integrity, and not sealing it could compromise the evidence.
Question 4 of 5
When involved in transporting a patient from the hospital (regardless of the destination), which of the following disease processes, along with HIV/AIDS, must be reported to the transporting crew members to prevent the accidental transmission of the disease?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hepatitis and tuberculosis. Both diseases can be transmitted through respiratory droplets and blood, posing a risk to the transporting crew members. Hepatitis can be transmitted through blood or body fluids, while tuberculosis is an airborne disease. Reporting these diseases to the crew members will ensure appropriate precautions are taken to prevent transmission. A: Shingles and pneumonia are not transmitted through casual contact and do not pose a risk to the transporting crew members. C: ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) and sepsis are not communicable diseases and do not require special precautions during transportation. D: Syphilis and gonorrhea are sexually transmitted infections and do not pose a risk of accidental transmission during patient transport.
Question 5 of 5
You are treating a 50-year-old male with a cardiac history currently complaining of chest pain. He is breathing at 20 times a minute, has an irregular heart rate of 136 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 120/60. His twelve-lead-tracing indicates the presence of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). What makes the ST-elevation infarction treatment different from a non-STEMI patient's treatment?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), immediate reperfusion therapy is crucial to restore blood flow to the affected area and prevent irreversible damage to the heart muscle. Fibrinolytics can be used to achieve this goal, but the time from symptom onset to treatment initiation is critical. Time is muscle in STEMI, so early recognition, prompt activation of the cath lab, and rapid transfer to a PCI-capable hospital are essential. In contrast, non-ST elevation infarctions may not require immediate reperfusion therapy and may respond to medical management initially. Choice A is incorrect because the urgency of treatment is not as time-sensitive in non-STEMI. Choice C is incorrect because fluid bolus is not a standard treatment for STEMI, and choice D is incorrect because the management differs between STEMI and non-STEMI.