ATI RN
History of Public Health Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following events in the late 19th century led to the improvement of public sanitation systems?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The investigation of a cholera outbreak by John Snow. John Snow's investigation in the 1850s linked a cholera outbreak to contaminated water, leading to the improvement of public sanitation systems. This event highlighted the importance of clean water sources and proper waste disposal. The other choices are incorrect because: A - The CDC was established in the 20th century and focuses on disease control and prevention but not specifically sanitation; C - The smallpox vaccine was developed much earlier and is unrelated to public sanitation systems; D - The Affordable Care Act, passed in 2010, primarily addresses healthcare accessibility and affordability, not sanitation improvements.
Question 2 of 5
Which major health policy in the U.S. in the 20th century aimed to reduce smoking-related illnesses?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. This report, released in 1964, was a landmark event that highlighted the dangers of smoking, leading to increased awareness and policy changes. The report provided scientific evidence linking smoking to various health issues, leading to public health campaigns and legislative actions to reduce smoking rates. The other choices, B: The Affordable Care Act, C: The National Cancer Act, and D: The Tobacco Control Act, do not specifically focus on reducing smoking-related illnesses like the Surgeon General's report did.
Question 3 of 5
Which public health law, passed in 1970, was designed to reduce occupational injuries and illnesses in the workplace?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). OSHA was passed in 1970 to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees. It sets and enforces standards to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses. Other choices are incorrect because: B: The Environmental Protection Agency Act focuses on environmental protection, not workplace safety. C: The Clean Air Act primarily addresses air pollution control. D: The National Health Service Act pertains to healthcare services in the UK, not workplace safety in the US.
Question 4 of 5
Which public health milestone, achieved in the 20th century, led to the worldwide eradication of a deadly disease?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: The eradication of smallpox. This milestone was achieved in the 20th century through a global vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization. Smallpox is the only disease to have been eradicated worldwide, which was confirmed in 1980. The measles vaccine (choice A) has been significant but has not led to the eradication of measles. The global polio vaccination program (choice C) has made progress in reducing polio cases but has not yet achieved global eradication. The introduction of HIV/AIDS prevention programs (choice D) has been vital in managing the spread of HIV/AIDS but has not led to eradication.
Question 5 of 5
Which 20th-century public health initiative significantly reduced the global burden of tuberculosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The World Health Organization's Directly Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS) significantly reduced the global burden of tuberculosis in the 20th century. DOTS ensures patients receive proper medication under supervision, leading to better treatment outcomes and reduced transmission. The other choices are incorrect because: A: The Global Health Security Agenda focuses on preventing, detecting, and responding to infectious disease outbreaks, not specifically on tuberculosis. B: The Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative aims to develop new vaccines but did not significantly reduce the burden in the 20th century. C: The introduction of antibiotics was important in treating tuberculosis but alone did not have the same impact as DOTS in reducing the global burden.