Which of the following enzymes removes 5' phosphate groups thereby preventing or decreasing the self-sealing of restricted plasmid vector molecules?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Calf intestinal phosphatase. This enzyme removes 5' phosphate groups from DNA molecules, preventing self-ligation of restricted plasmid vectors. This step is crucial in generating linearized vectors for downstream applications. Pyrophosphatase (B) hydrolyzes pyrophosphate bonds, not 5' phosphate groups. Phosphohydrolase (C) is a general term for enzymes that hydrolyze phosphoester bonds, not specific to 5' phosphate removal. Phosphate exonuclease (D) degrades nucleic acids by removing nucleotides from the 3' end, not the 5' phosphate group.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option C: Being in crowds during the periods of immunosuppression. Clients with autoimmune disorders have overactive immune systems that mistakenly attack their own tissues. During periods of immunosuppression, where the immune system is intentionally suppressed to manage the autoimmune response, it is crucial for the client to avoid being in crowded places where they are at a higher risk of exposure to infectious agents. This is because their weakened immune system may not be able to effectively fight off infections, leading to serious complications. Option A, resting during severe exacerbation, is important for managing symptoms but does not directly relate to the client's risk of infection. Option B, regular exercise during remission, is generally encouraged as it can have benefits for overall health and immune function. Option D, a humid environment during remission, does not have a direct correlation with increased risk of infections in clients with autoimmune disorders. Educationally, understanding the importance of managing environmental exposure in clients with autoimmune disorders is crucial for nursing students. It emphasizes the need for preventive measures to protect these individuals from potential complications related to infections during periods of immunosuppression. This knowledge is vital in providing safe and effective care for clients with autoimmune disorders.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Complying with the timing of antiviral medications around meals. This instruction is crucial because certain antiviral medications need to be taken with or without food to optimize absorption, reduce side effects, and maintain consistent blood levels of the drug for effectiveness in managing HIV. Option B) Avoiding exposure to harsh sunlight for about two hours after taking the medication is incorrect. While sunlight exposure may be a concern for some medications due to photosensitivity reactions, it is not a general rule for antiviral drugs used in HIV treatment. Option C) Having the medications with plenty of fruit juice is incorrect. Fruit juice may interact with some medications, altering their absorption or effectiveness. It is important to follow specific instructions provided by healthcare providers. Option D) Having an increased dose of the medications if the symptoms worsen is incorrect. Adjusting medication dosages should only be done under the guidance of a healthcare provider. Increasing doses without medical advice can lead to adverse effects or drug resistance. In an educational context, understanding the correct administration of antiviral medications in HIV treatment is crucial for achieving therapeutic outcomes. Nurses play a vital role in educating patients on proper medication administration to ensure treatment success and minimize risks of complications. Adherence to medication schedules is essential in managing chronic conditions like HIV to maintain viral suppression and prevent disease progression.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is critical for its success. If the patient has a history of inconsistent medication use this raises concerns about the effectiveness of the therapy and the risk of developing drug resistance. The other information while important does not directly impact the success of the treatment as much as adherence does.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate action to delegate to an LPN for a hospitalized patient with AIDS experiencing Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements due to anorexia and nausea is option B) Provide oral care with a soft toothbrush every 8 hours. The rationale behind choosing option B is that oral care is within the scope of practice for an LPN and is crucial for patients experiencing anorexia and nausea. Maintaining good oral hygiene can help stimulate the patient's appetite, prevent complications like oral infections, and improve overall nutritional intake. Option A is not appropriate to delegate to an LPN as administering medications like oxandrolone requires a higher level of assessment and monitoring which is typically within the scope of an RN. Option C, instructing the patient about a high-calorie, high-protein diet, involves patient education and nutritional planning, which is typically the responsibility of an RN or a dietitian. Option D, assessing the patient for other nutrition risk factors, requires a higher level of critical thinking and assessment skills that are usually within the scope of an RN. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of delegation based on scope of practice, patient needs, and the specific competencies of different healthcare providers in a multidisciplinary team. It reinforces the significance of oral care in promoting overall health and nutrition in patients with complex medical conditions like AIDS.