Which of the following enzymes is used in cancer therapy?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: L-asparaginase. This enzyme is used in cancer therapy to treat certain types of leukemia by depleting asparagine, an essential amino acid for cancer cell growth. Pepsin (A) is a digestive enzyme, urokinase (B) is involved in fibrinolysis, and lysozyme (D) is an antimicrobial enzyme, none of which are used in cancer therapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Paget's disease. Etidronate is a bisphosphonate used to treat Paget's disease, a condition characterized by abnormal bone remodeling leading to bone deformities and pain. It helps inhibit bone resorption and reduce the risk of fractures. A: Malabsorption of vitamin D is not an indication for etidronate, as it does not address the underlying cause of the malabsorption. C: Vitamin D deficiency is not directly treated with etidronate. Supplementation or dietary changes are more appropriate. D: Hypercalciuria is not an indication for etidronate. Etidronate is not used to manage excessive calcium excretion.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Furosemide (Lasix). Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause ototoxicity by affecting the inner ear. It can lead to hearing loss or tinnitus. Acetazolamide (A) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, not associated with ototoxicity. Hydrochlorothiazide (C) and Amiloride (D) are not known to cause ototoxicity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Tetracyclins can lead to gastrointestinal irritation, phototoxicity, hepatotoxicity, anti-anabolic effect, dental hypoplasia, and bone deformities. Gastrointestinal irritation is a common side effect due to direct irritation of the mucosa. Phototoxicity can occur upon exposure to sunlight. Hepatotoxicity refers to liver damage. Anti-anabolic effect can interfere with bone growth. Dental hypoplasia and bone deformities are associated with tetracycline use during tooth development. Choices A, B, and C only mention some of the side effects, while D encompasses all possible unwanted effects of tetracyclins.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the listed effects - nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions, and hemolytic anemia - are unwanted effects associated with nitrofuranes. Nitrofuranes are known to cause gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting), allergic reactions in some individuals, and hemolytic anemia, a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be produced. Therefore, all of the above effects are unwanted and can be caused by nitrofuranes. The other choices (A, B, C) are incorrect because they do not encompass all the possible unwanted effects associated with nitrofuranes.