ATI RN
Multiple Choice Questions on Gastrointestinal Disorders Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the breakdown of proteins?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: pepsin. Pepsin is an enzyme produced in the stomach that helps break down proteins into peptides. It works in a highly acidic environment, denaturing proteins. Amylase (A) breaks down carbohydrates, lipase (B) breaks down fats, and maltase (D) breaks down maltose into glucose. Pepsin is specifically designed to target proteins, making it the correct choice.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has an active upper gastrointestinal bleed. After inserting a NG tube into the client, which of the following findings should the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Coffee-ground drainage. This indicates upper GI bleed, where blood mixes with gastric acid, forming a coffee-ground appearance. Frothy pink drainage (A) is more common in respiratory issues. Dark amber drainage (B) is typical for lower GI bleeds. Greenish-yellow drainage (D) is not associated with GI bleeding. In this case, the nurse should monitor for coffee-ground drainage to assess the severity of the upper GI bleed.
Question 3 of 5
Donald is a 61 y.o. man with diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is characterized by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because diverticulitis typically presents with crampy pain in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen and a low-grade fever. This is due to inflammation or infection of the diverticula. A: Periodic rectal hemorrhage is more characteristic of diverticular bleeding, not diverticulitis. B: Hypertension and tachycardia are not typically associated with diverticulitis but may occur in severe cases or with complications. C: Vomiting and elevated temperature can occur but are not as specific to diverticulitis as the combination of symptoms described in option D.
Question 4 of 5
Branches of which autonomic nerve carry the parasympathetic motor neurons to the enteric plexi?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: vagus. The vagus nerve carries parasympathetic motor neurons to the enteric plexi located in the gastrointestinal tract. It innervates most of the organs in the thorax and abdomen, controlling functions like digestion and heart rate. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not carry parasympathetic motor neurons to the enteric plexi. Oculomotor (A) innervates muscles responsible for eye movement, facial (B) innervates facial muscles and salivary glands, and glossopharyngeal (C) innervates the tongue and pharynx, but they do not specifically target the enteric plexi in the gastrointestinal tract.
Question 5 of 5
Which two regions of a tooth contain living cells?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Dentin and cementum are the two regions of a tooth that contain living cells. Dentin is the hard tissue beneath the enamel and cementum that forms the bulk of the tooth structure. It contains living cells called odontoblasts responsible for dentin formation. Cementum is the hard tissue covering the tooth root and is essential for anchoring the tooth in the jawbone. Cementum contains living cells called cementoblasts responsible for cementum formation. Therefore, both dentin and cementum are vital regions of a tooth that house living cells involved in tooth development and maintenance. A: Dentin and enamel - Enamel is the outermost layer of the tooth and does not contain living cells. B: Anatomical crown and cementum - Anatomical crown is not a region of the tooth containing living cells. C: Enamel and cementum - Enamel does not contain living cells, only mineralized structures.