Which of the following enzymes has fibrinolytic activity?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urokinase. Urokinase is an enzyme that plays a key role in the fibrinolytic system by converting plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades fibrin blood clots. Pepsin (A) is a digestive enzyme, L-asparaginase (C) is used in cancer treatment, and Lydaze (D) is not a known enzyme. Therefore, only urokinase (B) is directly involved in fibrinolysis, making it the correct choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for correct answer (A): Alendronate is a bisphosphonate used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease by inhibiting bone resorption. It is not indicated for hypoparathyroidism, which involves low levels of calcium due to parathyroid hormone deficiency. Alendronate does not address the underlying cause of hypoparathyroidism. Summary of incorrect choices: B: Alendronate is used for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. C: Alendronate is indicated for Paget's disease. D: Alendronate is effective for syndromes of ectopic calcification.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Furosemide (Lasix). Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium and chloride transport in the cortical thick ascending limb. This leads to increased excretion of these ions and water. Acetazolamide (A) inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule, Hydrochlorothiazide (C) acts on the distal convoluted tubule, and Amiloride (D) inhibits sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct. Therefore, only Furosemide affects sodium and chloride transport in the cortical thick ascending limb.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lincomycin. Lincomycin is not a macrolide antibiotic, unlike the other options. Macrolide antibiotics have a macrocyclic lactone ring structure, which is absent in Lincomycin. Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, and Roxythromycin are macrolides with a similar structure and mechanism of action as they inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Therefore, Lincomycin is the correct answer as it does not belong to the macrolide class of antibiotics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Infections of urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Nitrofuranes are commonly used to treat urinary tract infections and certain gastrointestinal infections due to their effectiveness against a variety of bacteria commonly found in these areas. Nitrofuranes are not typically used to treat respiratory infections (choice A), syphilis (choice C), or tuberculosis (choice D) as there are more appropriate antibiotics available for these conditions. Therefore, choice B is the correct indication for nitrofuranes based on their spectrum of activity and clinical effectiveness.