ATI RN
Drugs for Peripheral Nervous System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following drugs would be relatively contraindicated for a patient diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Diazepam. Diazepam belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs, which can be addictive and have a high potential for abuse. For a patient with generalized anxiety disorder, long-term treatment with benzodiazepines like diazepam is generally discouraged due to the risk of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms. Other choices (A, B, C) are commonly used for treating anxiety disorders without the same level of addiction potential as diazepam. Venlafaxine is an SNRI, Buspirone is a non-addictive anxiolytic, and Paroxetine is an SSRI.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following would be the minimum alveolar concentration of both drugs needed to provide an appropriate general anesthesia in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (Nitrous oxide 0.7; sevoflurane 0.6) for the minimum alveolar concentration for general anesthesia. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) is the concentration of an inhaled anesthetic at which 50% of patients do not respond to a standard surgical stimulus. In this case, a higher MAC value indicates a lower potency of the anesthetic. Therefore, higher MAC values for both nitrous oxide and sevoflurane mean that lower concentrations of these agents are needed to achieve general anesthesia. Choice B has higher MAC values for both drugs compared to the other options, making it the correct answer for providing appropriate general anesthesia with the minimum concentration of the drugs. Choices A, C, and D have lower MAC values for one or both drugs, which would require higher concentrations and potentially lead to inadequate anesthesia.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following local anesthetics would be most appropriate for a 4-day-old boy with methemoglobinemia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tetracaine. Tetracaine is a local anesthetic that is least likely to cause methemoglobinemia in infants due to its minimal systemic absorption. Lidocaine, benzocaine, and bupivacaine have been associated with an increased risk of methemoglobinemia, especially in young infants. Lidocaine and bupivacaine are more systemically absorbed and can lead to higher levels of methemoglobin formation. Benzocaine is particularly risky in infants due to its association with methemoglobinemia. Tetracaine, on the other hand, has a lower systemic absorption rate and therefore poses a lower risk of causing methemoglobinemia in infants, making it the most appropriate choice for a 4-day-old boy with this condition.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following drugs was most likely administered to the patient who developed muscle rigidity, tachycardia, and high fever during surgery?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Dantrolene. The patient's symptoms indicate malignant hyperthermia, a life-threatening reaction to certain anesthetics like succinylcholine. Dantrolene is the specific antidote for malignant hyperthermia, as it inhibits muscle contraction and lowers body temperature. Succinylcholine (A) can trigger malignant hyperthermia, while cisatracurium (B) and vecuronium (D) are non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents unlikely to cause these symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drugs was most likely given to the 65-year-old woman undergoing hysterectomy to counteract tubocurarine-induced hypotension?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dantrolene. Dantrolene is a muscle relaxant that acts directly on the skeletal muscle to reduce muscle tone and counteract tubocurarine-induced hypotension in the 65-year-old woman undergoing hysterectomy. Botulinum toxin is used for muscle spasticity, not hypotension. Succinylcholine is a short-acting muscle relaxant, not used for hypotension. Tubocurarine is the drug causing the hypotension, not used to counteract it.