Which of the following drugs would be most appropriate to treat the patient's urinary symptoms?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hydrochlorothiazide. It is a diuretic commonly used to treat hypertension and edema by increasing urinary output. In this case, it can help alleviate the patient's urinary symptoms by reducing fluid retention. Furosemide (A) is a loop diuretic that may be too potent for this scenario. Amiloride (C) and Spironolactone (D) are potassium-sparing diuretics that may not address the underlying cause of the urinary symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bupropion. Bupropion is commonly prescribed for anxiety and cognitive difficulties in young adults due to its dual mechanism of action as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It can help improve both mood and cognitive function. Methylphenidate (A) is typically prescribed for ADHD, not anxiety. Paroxetine (B) is an SSRI used for anxiety disorders but may not specifically target cognitive difficulties. Guanfacine (D) is primarily used to treat ADHD and may not directly address anxiety or cognitive issues in this case.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because peripheral venous dilation reduces venous return to the heart, decreasing preload and myocardial oxygen demand. This helps in reducing workload on the heart, making it beneficial in conditions like myocardial infarction. A: Increased systolic pressure would increase cardiac workload, not beneficial in most cardiovascular disorders. B: Constriction of the renal vascular bed would reduce renal blood flow and potentially lead to renal dysfunction. C: Increased heart rate would increase myocardial oxygen demand and workload on the heart, not ideal for most cardiovascular disorders.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Impairment of far vision. Morphine is known to cause miosis, which is constriction of the pupil. This can lead to impaired far vision due to decreased ability to focus on distant objects. Dysphoria (A), diarrhea (C), and hypertension (D) are potential adverse effects of morphine, but impairment of far vision is more commonly associated with its use. Dysphoria is a mood-related adverse effect, diarrhea is a gastrointestinal adverse effect, and hypertension is a cardiovascular adverse effect, none of which directly relate to the effect on vision caused by morphine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Morphine. Morphine is contraindicated for patients with occlusive atherosclerotic disease of the legs because it can cause vasodilation, potentially worsening the ischemia in the affected limbs. Acetaminophen (A) is a safe option for pain relief in this patient population. Buspirone and meperidine (B) are not analgesic drugs typically used to treat pain associated with atherosclerotic disease. Zolpidem and morphine (C) are not typically contraindicated in patients with occlusive atherosclerotic disease of the legs.