Which of the following drugs would be most appropriate to treat a patient's urinary symptoms characterized by a constant desire to drink and frequent micturition?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can help reduce excessive urination and fluid intake in patients with symptoms of diabetes insipidus. It works by affecting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, helping to balance fluid levels and decrease urinary output. Furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, spironolactone, and conivaptan are not typically used to treat the specific symptoms described in the case.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The lateral hypothalamus is known to be involved in the regulation of hunger and satiety. Amphetamines, which act by increasing catecholamine release in the central nervous system, can suppress appetite by affecting the lateral hypothalamus. This region plays a key role in regulating feeding behavior and energy balance, making it a likely site of anorectic action for drugs like amphetamines.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dextroamphetamine is a commonly prescribed medication for ADHD, especially in children who exhibit symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. It acts by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, helping to improve focus and reduce hyperactive behavior in individuals with ADHD.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Dextroamphetamine would be the most appropriate choice for this patient as it is a stimulant commonly used to treat ADHD. It can help improve focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD. Since the girl admitted to occasional marijuana use, medications like methylphenidate (A) or clonidine (B) may not be as effective due to potential interactions or lack of effectiveness. Alprazolam (D) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety, not ADHD. Atomoxetine (E) is another medication for ADHD, but dextroamphetamine is often preferred based on patient response and history.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Buprenorphine is a partial µ (mu) opioid agonist that is more potent than morphine and has effects that are not readily antagonized by naloxone. This makes it a suitable choice for a patient with severe pain, such as one suffering from colon cancer. Buprenorphine can provide effective pain relief without the risk of easy reversal by naloxone, making it the most likely drug administered in this case.