Which of the following drugs would be appropriate for the patient planning to become pregnant?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbamazepine. It is appropriate for a patient planning to become pregnant due to its lower risk of teratogenic effects compared to other antiepileptic drugs. Carbamazepine is also recommended as a first-line treatment for epilepsy in pregnancy. Valproic acid (B) is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its high risk of causing neural tube defects. Quetiapine (C) and Haloperidol (D) are antipsychotic drugs not typically used for patients planning to become pregnant.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Aripiprazole. This drug is an atypical antipsychotic that can be used to treat symptoms of Tourette's syndrome, such as repeated head jerking, blinking, and grimacing. Aripiprazole works by modulating dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain, helping to reduce tics and other involuntary movements. Fluoxetine (A) is an antidepressant, Clonazepam (C) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and seizures, and Naltrexone (D) is used for opioid and alcohol dependence. These drugs are not typically indicated for treating the symptoms described in the patient's condition.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bupropion. Bupropion is commonly prescribed for anxiety and cognitive difficulties in young adults due to its dual mechanism of action as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It can help improve both mood and cognitive function. Methylphenidate (A) is typically prescribed for ADHD, not anxiety. Paroxetine (B) is an SSRI used for anxiety disorders but may not specifically target cognitive difficulties. Guanfacine (D) is primarily used to treat ADHD and may not directly address anxiety or cognitive issues in this case.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because peripheral venous dilation reduces venous return to the heart, decreasing preload and myocardial oxygen demand. This helps in reducing workload on the heart, making it beneficial in conditions like myocardial infarction. A: Increased systolic pressure would increase cardiac workload, not beneficial in most cardiovascular disorders. B: Constriction of the renal vascular bed would reduce renal blood flow and potentially lead to renal dysfunction. C: Increased heart rate would increase myocardial oxygen demand and workload on the heart, not ideal for most cardiovascular disorders.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Impairment of far vision. Morphine is known to cause miosis, which is constriction of the pupil. This can lead to impaired far vision due to decreased ability to focus on distant objects. Dysphoria (A), diarrhea (C), and hypertension (D) are potential adverse effects of morphine, but impairment of far vision is more commonly associated with its use. Dysphoria is a mood-related adverse effect, diarrhea is a gastrointestinal adverse effect, and hypertension is a cardiovascular adverse effect, none of which directly relate to the effect on vision caused by morphine.